Effects Of Level Of Literacy Of Parents And Pupils Academic Performance
[A CASE STUDY OF ILORIN WEST LOCAL GOVERNMENT AREA, KWARA STATE]

Validity of Research Instruments
According to Kimaiga (2014) validity is the accuracy and meaningfulness of inferences, which are based on the research results. Validity is the degree to which the result obtained from the analysis of the data actually represents the phenomenon under study (Mugenda & Mugenda 2003). To determine the validity of the research instruments the researcher presented the instrument to experts -supervisors in the department who assessed them before using them for data collection. This was important in order to ensure that the instruments genuinely measure what they purport to measure (Yuko and Onen, 2011)
Reliability of the Research Instruments
Reliability is the degree to which a research procedure gives consistent result or data after repeated trials (Kimaiga, 2014). There are four different ways of measuring reliability. These are; test-retest split half method, equivalent form and internal consistence technique. (Mugenda and Mugenda 2003 cited in Kimaiga, 2014). To achieve consistent results, the study sought to determine reliability of the instruments. To do this, a pilot study was carried out at a neighbouring school. A test –retest method was used whereby questionnaires were administered at an interval of two weeks. After this, the data from the 23 questionnaires was analyzed.
Procedure for Data Collection
The researcher sought permission from the Institute of  Education, University of  Ilorin. Further permission was sought from the Department of Adult and Primary Education Study, University of Ilorin and then proceeds to the selected schools of study. The researcher explained to the head teachers of the sampled schools the purpose of the study before administering the research instruments. A covering letter attached to the research instruments was used to assure the respondents of confidentiality and then administer the study tools. Questionnaires were administered and collected on the actual day of study.
Method of Data Analysis
The demographic characteristics of the respondents were analyzed using descriptive statistics of frequency and percentages
Research question are was answered by using descriptive statistics while research questions two to three had corresponding hypotheses
While hypothesis one (Ho1) was tested using T-test statistics, hypothesis two and three were tested using Analysis of Variance (ANOVA) statistics. All generated hypotheses were tested at 0.05 level of significance using IBM (SPSS) 20.0.