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Design, Fabrication And Performance Evaluation Of Pedal Operated Groundnut Decorticator
CHAPTER THREE -- [Total Page(s) 12]
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3.3 Design Consideration
The design consideration of the groundnut decorticator was based on the engineering properties of the groundnut seeds. This is used in the design of the component parts. Some of which include the shape, size, geometric mean, volume, terminal velocity, moisture contents, angle of the repose and compression strength. Also the safety of operation of the machine was also considered, the case of assembly, and vibration resistant was also considered. Finally, the ergonomics and aesthetic of the machine was also taken into consideration.
3.4 Design Calculation and Analysis
This section described detailed calculation for all component parts.
3.4.1 Design for Hopper
The hopper was designed based on the angle of repose of groundnut seed. The shape of a cuboid was chosen for the hopper.
It was tilted such that the angle made with the datum is at least 10 higher than the angle of repose for easy flow. The general angle of repose agricultural material ranges between 250 and 300. Therefore, the hopper was made to tilt 400to the horizontal.
Volume of Hopper
The volume for the hopper would be calculated using the formula for a cuboid which states
Volume cuboid = L X B X H Otumudia, (2011) (3.4)
Where:
L - Length
B - Breadth
H - Height
L = 290
B = 270
H = 35
Volume cuboid = 290 x 270 x 35
Volume cuboid = 2.74 x 106m3
3.4.2. Design for Decorticating Unit
The decorticating unit consists of a rotary drum enclosed in a concave screen with the clearance set in relation to the physical property of the groundnut seed (i.e. the force required to crack the groundnut kernel, cracking force and size). A rotary motion mechanism would be employed to drive the decorticating drum while the concave screen is made fixed. The selection of the screen aperture was also based on the size and shape of the groundnut seed. The geometric mean diameter of groundnut seed ranges between 16.0mm and 17.86mm.The aperture size selected is 30mm based on the available screen in the market and also taking tolerance into consideration to prevent cracking or bruising of seed. The clearance between the drum and the concave screen is variable to ensure proper shelling of the groundnut kernel.
The force exerted due to the impact of the rotary drum should not exceed the cracking strength of groundnut which ranges between 8 to 10N.
Diameter of rotary drum = 350mm
The rotary drum has six nos. of spiked square bar which does the pressing.
Energy required to shell groundnut can be derived from
E=(KK FC Loge LI Kg/〖ms〗_2)/L_2 (Kick’s Law) Otumudia, (2011) (3.5)
Where:
E = Energy required to shell
KK = Kicks constant
FC = Cracking force of seed
L1 = Average length of unshelled seed (m)
L2 = Average length of shelled seed (m)
KK = 1.2
FC = 8
L1 = 27.38
L2 = 13.84
E = 1.8 x 8 x log 27.38/13.84
E = 2.84 Kg/ms2
CHAPTER THREE -- [Total Page(s) 12]
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ABSRACT - [ Total Page(s): 1 ]ABSTRACTShelling of groundnut pods (Arachis hypegea) by hand is tedious, laborious and unhygienic with low efficiencies. As a result farmer get low income due to amount of broken kernels and a lot of time is lost in the tedious shelling operation. To overcome this problem, pertinent parameters that influence shelling efficiency of pedal operated groundnut decorticator were identified. Pedal operated decorticator were designed and fabricated with chain and sprocket of bicycle and aluminum spike t ... Continue reading---
APPENDIX A - [ Total Page(s): 3 ] ... Continue reading---
APPENDIX B - [ Total Page(s): 6 ]S.E= ("H" )/"A" "×100%" = "549" /"1000" "×100%" = 55% At 1500g S.E= ("H" )/"A" "×100%" = "808" /"1500" "×100%" = 54%Percentage of breakage Broken Efficiency (%) B.E= ("E" )/"A" "×100%" Where B.E is broken efficiency (%) E= Weight of broken groundnut seed (g) A= Weight of groundnut seed fed in to hopper (g) Broken Efficiency for Operator (I) At 500g B.E= "E " /"A" ... Continue reading---
LIST OF TABLES - [ Total Page(s): 1 ]LIST OF TABLESTable No Table 3.1: BILL OF ENGINEERING MEASUREMENT AND EVALUATION (BEME) Table 3.1: Sample Preparation Table 4.1 Data Sheet for Physical Properties of Groundnut Pods Table 4.2 Data Sheet for Output Parameters Table 4.3 Data Sheet for Output Table 4.4 Average Performance of Thresher ... Continue reading---
LIST OF PLATES - [ Total Page(s): 1 ]LIST OF PLATESPlate No Plate 2.1: Groundnut Pod Plate 3.1: Sample of Groundnut Seed Plate 3.2: Determination of Coefficient of Static Friction and Angle of Repose Plate 3.3: Pedal Operated Groundnut Decorticator Plate 3.3: Digital Venier Caliper Plate 3.4: Digital Weighing Scale Plate 3.5: Digital Stop Watch Scale Plate 3.6: Electric Oven Plate 3.7: Tachometer ... Continue reading---
LIST OF FIGURES - [ Total Page(s): 1 ]LIST OF FIGURESFigure No Figure 2.1: Maize Sheller Figure 2.2: Hand Maize Sheller Figure 2.3: Groundnut Thresher Figure 2.4: Manual Operated Groundnut Decorticator (Oscillating Type) Figure 2.5 Power Operated Groundnut Decorticator ... Continue reading---
TABLE OF CONTENTS - [ Total Page(s): 1 ]TABLE OF CONTENTSCover Page Title Page Certification Dedication Acknowledgements Abstract Table of Contents List of Tables List of Figures List of Plates CHAPTER ONE: INTRODUCTION 1.1 Background to the Study 1.2 Statement of the Problems 1.3 Objective of the Project 1.4 Justification of the Project 1.5 Scope of the Study CHAPTER TWO: LITERATURE REVIEW 2.1 Physical Properties of Groundnut 2.1.1 Determination of Size 2.1.2 Determi ... Continue reading---
CHAPTER ONE - [ Total Page(s): 2 ]CHAPTER ONEINTRODUCTION1.1 Background to the StudyGroundnut (Arachis hypogaea) is a species in the legume or beans family (Ashish and Handa, 2014; Atiku et al., 2014). It was first cultivated in Peru. Its seed contain about 63% carbohydrate, 19% protein and 6.5% oil. Groundnuts are grown in tropical and subtropical climate regions and warmer parts of temperature regions and it is low growing annual plant and has a variety of uses. Prior to its usage however groundnut need to undergo pr ... Continue reading---
CHAPTER TWO - [ Total Page(s): 10 ]Gardi (Gsrdi (2008) developed rotary type groundnut
decorticator-cum-cleaner. The average decorticating capacity, average
decorticating efficiency, average cleaning efficiency, percent broken
kernels, cost of operation were estimated. The results showed that the
values were 120.72 kg/h, 84.69%, 87.76%, 5.7% and Rs 23.28/100kg
kernels, respectively. Haque et al., (2009) reported that
crushing strength of rubber seeds were found to be 121.1kg/cm2 followed
by J ... Continue reading---
CHAPTER FOUR - [ Total Page(s): 2 ]CHAPTER FOUR4.0 RESULTS AND DISCUSSION4.1 ResultsThe raw data for physical properties is as presented in Appendix A while the summary of the results is as presented in table 4.1.The raw data obtained from the experiment is as reported in Appendix B and the means values of the results is as presented in table 4.2. ... Continue reading---
CHAPTER FIVE - [ Total Page(s): 1 ]CHAPTER FIVE CONCLUSIONS AND RECOMMENDATIONS5.1 Conclusions The following conclusion can be drawn from the performance carried out on groundnut decorticator. 1. The lower the knuckle length of the operator the higher the threshing efficiency of the operator. 2. The lower the weight of the operator the higher the throughput capacity of the machine.3. The average performance of the thresher at average operating speed of 245.4pm are threshing efficiency 56%, unthreshe ... Continue reading---
REFRENCES - [ Total Page(s): 1 ]REFERENCESAdewunmi, T. (2000) Performance Evaluation of a Locally Developed Maize Sheller with Husking and Winnowing Capacity Proceeding of the NIAE. Pp. 68-73.Afosie, V.N., Akinhanm, T.F. and Ojiodu, C.C. (2009) Proximate Analysis and Physio-Chemical Properties of Groundnut.Ashish S. Raghtafe and Dr. C. C. Handa (2014): “Design consideration of Groundnut Sheller machineâ€. Department of Mechanical Engineering, KDK College of Engineering, Nagpu. International Journal of Innovative R ... Continue reading---
