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Profitability And Technical Efficiency Analysis Of Rice Production
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1.2 ORIGIN OF RICE Rice has been
cultivated for such countless ages that it’s base their evidence must
always be a matter for conjecture. Botanists base their evidence of the
origin of rice largely on the habitats the wild species. It is presumed
that the cultivated species have developed from certain of the wild
rice. The genus oryza comprises twenty five species distributed through
tropical and subtropical regions of Asia, Africa, Central and South
American and Australia. Both diploid (2n=24) and tetraploid species
occur, he diploids being more numerous. There are only two cultivated
species, oryza glabberima and oryza sativa linn. Oryza glabbermma is
conformed to West Africa where it is an upland crop but is being
replaced by oryza sativa. Morphological there are only small differences
between these species, mainly in ugule size and glume pubescence, but
oryza glabberima always has a red pericarp and hybrids between oryza
glaberrima and oryza sativa are sterile. Oryza glaberrima is not
confirmed to West Africa. According to Chaudraratna (1964), the center
of origin of oryza sativa linn in Southeast Asia, particularly India and
Indo-China, where richest diversity of cultivated forms has been
recorded. It spread northwards in Asia before the later movement, it
also spread south and East through the Maby Archipelago with the flow of
human culture.
1.3 INTRODUCTION OF RICE INTO AFRICA
Oryza
stapfil Rosecher, and oryza glaberrima steud are presumed to have been
cultivated on the margins of the Neolithic Sahara. The historian Ibu
Batouta (AD 1350) mentions the existence of rice in Nigeria, which
certainly is oryza glaberrima. Oryza glaberrima was introduced into
Northern Nigeria in the 16th Century. The cultivation of oryza sativa
linn in Nigeria was about 1890 when upland varieties were introduced to
the high forest zone in Western Nigeria. Shallow swamp varieties from
Guyana and srilanka were established in the smaller tributaries of
several rivers where they rapidly replaced the swamp varieties of red
rice (oryza glaberrima), their most extensively grown. Oryza glaberrima
is now mostly confirmed to the fat North of Nigeria and to Sierra
Leone. Red rice (oryza glabberrima) which probably originated in the
middle Niger Delta some 3,500 years ago is gradually being replaced in
Africa by oryza sativa. The date and mode of introduction of oryza
sativa to West Africa is unknown. It has been suggested that it was
introduced by Portuguese traders who visited the coastal regions, but is
equally possible that it came across African by the caravan desert
routes; it may have been already in cultivation in West Africa when the
first Portuguese arrived (Jordan, 1965). The significance of rice is
shown in it’s widespread use as a staple food by more than\half of the
world’s population. Millions of people in Asia subsist almost entirely
on rice. Most countries rely mostly entirely on domestic production to
feed their populations with only about 4% of the world’s rice production
reaching the international market. More than 90%of World rice is
produced in Asia (FAO, 1989). Rice is widely consumed in Nigeria today
and there is hardly any where in the world here it is not utilized in
one form or other. In Nigeria, rice is the one of the few food items
whose consumption has no cultural, religions, ethnic or geographical
boundary (Udoh, 2003). But fortunately, the cultivation and production
of this highly consumed priced and very important food crop is not
encouraging, this may be due to the fact that production of rice in the
country is carried out by small scale farmers, who can barely meet the
demand for it. The problem, of low level of production amounting small
farmers, who can barely meet the demand for it. The problem of low level
of production amounting small scale farmers can be attributed to the
poor use of locative and economic efficiencies. There is need
therefore, to look into the various ways to increase production, cost
efficiency, to meet the overwhelming demand for rice in the country
since an increase in agricultural production of rice is invariable
linked to farm profits.
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ABSRACT - [ Total Page(s): 1 ]This research was designed to access the Profitability and Technical Efficiency Analysis of Rice Production in Esan Central and North East Local Government Areas of Edo State with a specific objective of examine the socio-economic characteristics of the farmers, determine the profitability of rice in the stud area. The study used information gathered from One hundred and eighty (180) copies of a structured questionnaires were administered to rice farmers in the study area. Data so collected we ... Continue reading---
