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The Effect Of Land Scope On Soil Loss From Erosion Sites
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When water is applied into
the soil continually in form of irrigation or rainfall, it filter
downward into the soil at a certain time the soil will be saturated,
then the excess above infiltration capacity will result to surface
runoff thereby leading to transportation of detached particles and
erosion. The basic causes of erosion have been classified into three
factors, the climatic factor and geologic factor and human activities.
The
climatic factor: The climate factors that influence erosion are
rainfall amount, intensity and frequency. During the period of frequent
rainfall, a greater percentage of the rainfall will become runoff this
is due to high soil moisture or saturated conditions.
The Geologic
factors: This is caused as result of the action of the wind, water, ice
and gravity in wearing away rock to form soil and shape the ground
surface.
The Human Activities: Erosion Human causes most soil erosion
when strip the natural vegetation from the sleeper slopes and do not
put back a cover of healthy grass of other vegetation. This leads to the
worse erosion. Take for instance in Imo state, high annual rainfall
helps in speeding up soil erosion including river bank and sediment
transportation. The geology of an area is a useful index for gauging the
erodibility if particular that place.
In Imo state particularly,
soil erosion has a focus on the human activities as the primary cause of
erosion, a good cover of vegetation, including grass shields the soil
from the impact of raindrops. It also binds the soil together, making it
more resistance to runoff and filters sediment. A cover of vegetation
is one of the best protections against erosion.
1.2Specifically the Objectives of the study are
1) Collection of soil samples from two erosion sites in Imo state namely, Nekede and Akoakwa.
2) Selection of different rainfall intensities and shape
3)
Subjecting the collected soil samples to soil tests like, plastic limit
test, liquid limit test, grain size analysis, moisture content, shear
strength, and soil conditioning test with cassagrand method.
4) To determine the rate of soil loss in Imo state.
5) To relate land slope to erosion.
1.3Justification of the Study
Erosion
is an environmental problem that is generally spread in our country
Nigeria today. It is seriously causing ecological problems by destroying
lives and properties, Agricultural land and social infrastructures.
Outside the distraction of form land through removal of top soil,
houses, road, bridges, telecommunication, electric power and railway
lines are being washed away. Also the erosion of arable land is a threat
to food productions and agro-industrial raw materials. Erosion produces
load of silts and other particles which pollutes our inland water and
cause siltation of dams, reservoirs thereby reducing their storage
capacity and useful life span of structures. The pollution of water by
silt is known to have caused serious damage to our aquatic lives.
Therefore urgent measures are needed to control erosion in other to
avoid termination of lives and endangering of structures.
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ABSRACT - [ Total Page(s): 1 ]Soil loss is as a result of detachment and transportation of soil particles from one place to another due to rainfall. The rate of soil erosion has been of great concern to the government and people of Imo state as regards to farm land and environmental degradation. This work analyzed the soil samples collected from two erosion sites namely, nNkede and Akaokwa all in Imo State and the soil loss for the samples which is the mainstay of this project was determined using a rainfall simulator. It wa ... Continue reading---
