-
Development, Fabrication And Performance Evaluation Of A Single Wheel Driven Boom Sprayer
CHAPTER ONE -- [Total Page(s) 2]
Page 1 of 2
-
-
-
CHAPTER ONE
1.0 Introduction
Crop yield is reduced by mainly due to attack of pest, diseases and weeds. Chemical control is the popular method adopted for controlling most insects, weed and diseases. The chemical are applied either by spraying or dusting. Spraying is one of the most effective and efficient techniques for applying small volume of spray liquid to protect crops. In conventional methods, manually operated low and high volume hydraulic sprayer and power operated hydraulic sprayer with long boom, long lances or spray gun are used to carry fluid at different targets. In this method, the time and labor required is more. It is difficult to spray the pesticide uniformly and effectively throughout the crop by conventional method of spraying. Though this method gives good pest control, it consumes large volume of liquid per plant, great amount of labour and time are required. Also drip losses are more owing to concern towards protecting environment from pollution by excessive use of pesticide and to economies the spraying method, suitable alternative should be identified.
In Nigeria, diverse farm mechanization scenario as in country due to varied size of the farm holdings and socio economic disparities. Most farmers in Nigeria are small and marginal land holder. The spraying operation is done by knapsack sprayer which consumes more time and energy.
Tractor operated sprayers are difficult for adaptation by the farmer due to existing cropping patterns available for field size, field condition during the rainy season. To overcome these problem requirements for better adapting in the view of a single wheel driven boom sprayer is a better option due to its medium cost and small size implying maneuverability in the small land holding.
Single wheel driven boom sprayers can fulfill the mechanization gap to do spraying operation at the faster rate. This shows there is an urgent need to introduce mechanical sprayer in Nigeria farm. The single wheel driven boom sprayer should be small for easy maneuverability and less expensive for farmers as best source of spraying operation.
1.1 Statement of the problem
The back mounted knapsack sprayer is associated with the following problems
i. It consumes more time and labor during spraying operation
ii. The output is low
iii. The uniformity and efficiency is inadequate
CHAPTER ONE -- [Total Page(s) 2]
Page 1 of 2
-
-
ABSRACT - [ Total Page(s): 1 ]ABSTRACTThe single wheel driven boom sprayer was developed, fabricated and evaluated for its performance at the department of Agricultural and Bio-environmental engineering workshop, Kwara state polytechnic, Ilorin. The spraying performance was carried out at spraying height of 0.5m, 0.6m and 0.7m respectively. The theoretical field capacity CT, the effective field capacity CE and Field efficiency (Å‹) at spraying height of 0.5m are 0.285ha/hr , 0.165ha/hr and 58%, while at spraying hei ... Continue reading---
LIST OF TABLES - [ Total Page(s): 1 ]LIST OF TABLES TABLE   4.2.1      Spraying parameters at spraying height 0.5m     4.2.2      Spraying parameters at spraying height 0.6m         4.2.3      Spraying parameters at spraying height 0.7m    4.2.4      Average spraying data at spray height 0.5,0.6      and 0.7                                   ... Continue reading---
LIST OF PLATES - [ Total Page(s): 1 ]LIST OF PLATES   PLATES          2.1         Hydraulic energy sprayers      2.2         Gasoline energy sprayers     2.3         Centrifugal energy sprayers      2.4         Roller pump     2.5         Diaphragm pump     2.6         Piston pump        2.7         Turbine pump      3.1         Knapsack sprayer      3.2  ... Continue reading---
TABLE OF CONTENTS - [ Total Page(s): 1 ]TABLE OF CONTENTS      Title page        Certification       Dedication       Acknowledgements        Abstract       Table of content        List of Tables        List of Plates CHAPTER ONE   1   Introduction    1.2   Statement of the problem    1.3   Objective of the project    1.4   Justification of the project  CHAPTER TWO   2   Literature review    2.1    ... Continue reading---
CHAPTER TWO - [ Total Page(s): 9 ]   Centrifugal energy sprayers: In the centrifugal energy sprayer the spray fluid is fed under low pressure at the center of a high speed rotating device such as flat, concave or convex disc. Spray is atomized by centrifugal force as it leaves the periphery of the atomizer. The droplets are carried by the air stream generated by the blower of the sprayer or by prevailing wind, if the sprayer is not provided with a fan.Kinetic energy sprayers: In kinetic energy sprayer the spray fluid ... Continue reading---
CHAPTER THREE - [ Total Page(s): 5 ]CHAPTER FOUR4.0   Performance evaluation of the Single wheel driven boom spryer4.1      Experimental procedure   An area of land was selected for carrying out the performance evaluation of the sprayer, the area of land was beside the automotive workshop in the Institute of Technology, Kwara state polytechnic. The area measured 20m by 6m which was divided into three subplots. The tank of the sprayer was filled with water and then pulled to start spraying from the beginning to the e ... Continue reading---
CHAPTER FOUR - [ Total Page(s): 5 ]average time =24.24s   Speed = distance/time m/sSpeed= 0.02/0.00631 = 2.972km/hrWidth (W )= 0.9mTheoretical field capacity (CT) = SW/10Theoretical field capacity (CT) = (2.972 ×0.9)/10 = 0.267 ha/hrEffective field capacity CE = SWE/10Effective field capacity CE = (2.972 ×0.9 ×o.58)/10 = 0.155ha/hrField efficiency Å‹ = CE/CT=         0.155/0.267=58.05%   ... Continue reading---
CHAPTER FIVE - [ Total Page(s): 1 ]CHAPTER FIVE5.0   Conclusion and Recommendation 5.1   Conclusion The single wheel driven boom sprayer was developed, fabricated and evaluated for its performance at the department of Agricultural and Bio-environmental engineering workshop, Kwara state polytechnic, Ilorin.. The spraying performance was carried out at spraying height of 0.5m, 0.6m and 0.7m respectively. The theoretical field capacity CT, the effective field capacity CE and Field efficiency (Å‹) at spraying height of ... Continue reading---
REFRENCES - [ Total Page(s): 1 ]REFERENCESAlam, M., and D. Hussain. 2010. Variability of Lever Operated sprayer. Paper acceptedin AMA. 28(2): 11-13Alam, M., M. A. Bell, and A. M. Mortimer. 2000. Targeting farmer sprayapplications for improved safety and uniformity. Int. Rice Res. Conf. IRRI. Phillipines.:223.FAO. 1998. Agriculture pesticides sprayers. Vol. 2. FAO technical standards: sprayer specifications and test procedures.:7-8.Fraser, F. and L. C. Burrill. 1979. Knapsack sprayers:21-25.Friedrich, T. 1997. Approach to imr ... Continue reading---
