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Development, Fabrication And Performance Evaluation Of A Single Wheel Driven Boom Sprayer
CHAPTER TWO -- [Total Page(s) 9]
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2.7 Spraying Machinery
(Fraiser F 1979) The basic essential components of any spraying machine are:
Tank
Pump
Easily cleaned filters
Boom
Nozzles
Pressure gauge
Control valve
Adjustable relief valve
Tank: It acts as a medium for spraying materials. This can be made of steel, satisfactory if properly galvanized or otherwise treated after fabrication to prevent corrosion. Plastic materials are used on account of freedom from corrosion and ease of molding into smooth shapes which avoid the difficulty of agitating in recesses and sharp corners. Round-bottom tanks are best suited to use for a good hydraulics mixing is achieved if a tank with a curved bottom is used and thee pipe runs horizontally near the bottom.
Pumps: Is a device capable of developing required pressure in the sprayer system for many spraying jobs. The diaphragm pump principle is attractive because of the complete absence of sliding friction in the pumping mechanism. It has a compact multi-chamber designs, non corrosive material are used, and high-volume, production, all these made it popular for many multi-purpose machines. Nylon roller pumps are used mainly for low-and-medium-volume sprayers. The nylon rollers are held against the sides of the pump – casing by centrifugal force and as with gear pumps, the efficiency depends on maintenance of close clearances between the rotating parts and the stationary pump housing. Diaphragm and centrifugal operation pumps are better suited to handling abrasive materials.
Strainer/filter: Are screening devices for separation, strainer is found in the suction line between the tank and the pump to separate and remove foreign material which might affect operation of other functioning parts.
They are usually found in the sediment bowl and can be easily removed for cleaning. It should be replaced after cleaning.
Filter is used for final separation. It is finer than strainer and is usually found between the tank-pump-nozzles. It is also used in nozzle orifice for separating dirt.
NAME SIZE/MESH LOCATION
Supply tank strainer 15 – 25 Filling Hole
Suction filter 75 – 50 Tank and Supply
Delivery Filter 50 – 100 Pump and Nozzle
Nozzle Filter 100 – 200 Just behind nozzle (Fraiser F 1979)
Pressure Regulators: Is a device or mechanism that maintain any pre-set pressure by by-passing some of the liquid back to the tank i.e it serves as safety device in automatically unloading the excessive pressure. It is a means of adjusting one pressure as required for the job. Some field sprayers are also used to by-pass flow for agitation of the toxic liquid in the tank.
The Pressure Gauge: If properly calibrated provides guide to the operator in properly adjusting the pressure for each spraying job. It is usually connected on the discharge line for adjusting the pressure for each spraying job.
Distributing System: Is conventional hand guns which contain one or more nozzles in a suitable mounting. Boom sprayers contain more than two nozzles. It contain a fast acting control valve which serve as a cut off and means of adjusting the spraying pattern.
Example is a hand held sprayer gun in knapsack sprayers.
Control Valve: It is used for quick flow control of any section or combination of section of the boom.
Spray Nozzles: Atomization of spray fluids is usually achieved by discharging the liquid through an orifice under pressure, but a second main method of commercial importance achieves atomization by breaking up the jet of liquid with a blast of air.
Nozzles that did not employ the use of air blast are broadly divided into two main types, namely Swirl nozzles and Fan nozzles.
Swirl Nozzles: Is made of brass or stainless steel, and consist of a swirl plate, a swirl chamber, a nozzle disc and a cap and filter.
The nature of the spray form swirl nozzle may be controlled by varying the number and size of holes in the swirl plate, the depth of swirl chamber, and by fitting discs with holes of various sizes.
Pressure also has a considerable effect on nozzle performance for a given size and design of nozzle and depth of swirl chamber, the higher the pressure, the higher the throughout. The wider the spray angle and the finer the spray droplets.
Fan Nozzles: This may be made of metal or ceramics. They are usually designed for low volume work, individual filters are normally fitted to each nozzle.
Parts of Nozzles
Body
Strainer
Tip
Cap
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ABSRACT - [ Total Page(s): 1 ]ABSTRACTThe single wheel driven boom sprayer was developed, fabricated and evaluated for its performance at the department of Agricultural and Bio-environmental engineering workshop, Kwara state polytechnic, Ilorin. The spraying performance was carried out at spraying height of 0.5m, 0.6m and 0.7m respectively. The theoretical field capacity CT, the effective field capacity CE and Field efficiency (Å‹) at spraying height of 0.5m are 0.285ha/hr , 0.165ha/hr and 58%, while at spraying hei ... Continue reading---
LIST OF TABLES - [ Total Page(s): 1 ]LIST OF TABLES TABLE   4.2.1      Spraying parameters at spraying height 0.5m     4.2.2      Spraying parameters at spraying height 0.6m         4.2.3      Spraying parameters at spraying height 0.7m    4.2.4      Average spraying data at spray height 0.5,0.6      and 0.7                                   ... Continue reading---
LIST OF PLATES - [ Total Page(s): 1 ]LIST OF PLATES   PLATES          2.1         Hydraulic energy sprayers      2.2         Gasoline energy sprayers     2.3         Centrifugal energy sprayers      2.4         Roller pump     2.5         Diaphragm pump     2.6         Piston pump        2.7         Turbine pump      3.1         Knapsack sprayer      3.2  ... Continue reading---
TABLE OF CONTENTS - [ Total Page(s): 1 ]TABLE OF CONTENTS      Title page        Certification       Dedication       Acknowledgements        Abstract       Table of content        List of Tables        List of Plates CHAPTER ONE   1   Introduction    1.2   Statement of the problem    1.3   Objective of the project    1.4   Justification of the project  CHAPTER TWO   2   Literature review    2.1    ... Continue reading---
CHAPTER ONE - [ Total Page(s): 2 ]CHAPTER ONE1.0   IntroductionCrop yield is reduced by mainly due to attack of pest, diseases and weeds. Chemical control is the popular method adopted for controlling most insects, weed and diseases. The chemical are applied either by spraying or dusting. Spraying is one of the most effective and efficient techniques for applying small volume of spray liquid to protect crops. In conventional methods, manually operated low and high volume hydraulic sprayer and power operated hydraulic s ... Continue reading---
CHAPTER THREE - [ Total Page(s): 5 ]CHAPTER FOUR4.0   Performance evaluation of the Single wheel driven boom spryer4.1      Experimental procedure   An area of land was selected for carrying out the performance evaluation of the sprayer, the area of land was beside the automotive workshop in the Institute of Technology, Kwara state polytechnic. The area measured 20m by 6m which was divided into three subplots. The tank of the sprayer was filled with water and then pulled to start spraying from the beginning to the e ... Continue reading---
CHAPTER FOUR - [ Total Page(s): 5 ]average time =24.24s   Speed = distance/time m/sSpeed= 0.02/0.00631 = 2.972km/hrWidth (W )= 0.9mTheoretical field capacity (CT) = SW/10Theoretical field capacity (CT) = (2.972 ×0.9)/10 = 0.267 ha/hrEffective field capacity CE = SWE/10Effective field capacity CE = (2.972 ×0.9 ×o.58)/10 = 0.155ha/hrField efficiency Å‹ = CE/CT=         0.155/0.267=58.05%   ... Continue reading---
CHAPTER FIVE - [ Total Page(s): 1 ]CHAPTER FIVE5.0   Conclusion and Recommendation 5.1   Conclusion The single wheel driven boom sprayer was developed, fabricated and evaluated for its performance at the department of Agricultural and Bio-environmental engineering workshop, Kwara state polytechnic, Ilorin.. The spraying performance was carried out at spraying height of 0.5m, 0.6m and 0.7m respectively. The theoretical field capacity CT, the effective field capacity CE and Field efficiency (Å‹) at spraying height of ... Continue reading---
REFRENCES - [ Total Page(s): 1 ]REFERENCESAlam, M., and D. Hussain. 2010. Variability of Lever Operated sprayer. Paper acceptedin AMA. 28(2): 11-13Alam, M., M. A. Bell, and A. M. Mortimer. 2000. Targeting farmer sprayapplications for improved safety and uniformity. Int. Rice Res. Conf. IRRI. Phillipines.:223.FAO. 1998. Agriculture pesticides sprayers. Vol. 2. FAO technical standards: sprayer specifications and test procedures.:7-8.Fraser, F. and L. C. Burrill. 1979. Knapsack sprayers:21-25.Friedrich, T. 1997. Approach to imr ... Continue reading---
