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Determination Of Resilience Of Broilers Farmers
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Agribusiness literature refers to resilience as either
survival, whether the business is open after a disruption, or how long a
business is able to remain open after a disruption (Wasileski et al,
2011; Stafford et al, 2010). Other business studies defined resilience
as a recovery that is a return to pre-disaster levels of activity, like
the level of employment and profits prior to the disaster (Brewton et
al, 2010). According to Marshall and Schrank (2014) a business is
characterized as either being closed or opened in the initial period
following a disaster. In period two the business is considered demised
if it cannot reopen. Businesses that are open can either be considered
survived, recovered or resilient. A business is survived if it is
operating below pre-disaster levels in terms of employment and profits. A
survived business is one that can cover its variable and fixed costs
and is operating at pre-disaster levels. Resilience is an adaptive
process. Either the business was adequately prepared to withstand the
impact of the disaster with little impact or has made adjustments to
their operation in order to be prepared for any future shock that may
occur in course of production. The first type of business is considered
resilient. The second type of business may be considered resilient after
they implement necessary changes, though this resilience is not tested
until they experience a similar disaster.
Terney and Bruneau. (2007)
defined resilience in two ways: they are the inherent resilience and
adaptive resilience Inherent resilience refers to the ability of the
poultry farms to function well during non crisis times. It has already
been built within the system. Adaptive resilience refers to the ability
of the poultry farms to demonstrate flexibility during and after
disasters i.e the ability to adapt and exercise creativity in addressing
disasters when they occur.
Vaitla et al. (2012) also describe the
concept of resilience, and quote the following definition of resilience
from DFID: as “the ability of an agribusiness firm to manage change, by
maintaining or transforming living standards in the face of shocks or
stresses—such as earthquakes, drought or violent conflict—without
compromising their long-term prospects.†Some factors determine firms
response or elasticity to shock, i.e. whether and why farm firms “bounce
back betterâ€; “bounce backâ€; “recover, but worse than beforeâ€; or
“collapse.â€
Frankenberger et al. (2012), provide an overview of
guiding principles for developing resilience to crises, targeted at
donor agencies. They defined resilience as the ability of countries,
communities, households and firms to efficiently anticipate, adapt to,
and recover from the effects of potentially hazardous occurrences
(natural disasters, economic instability, and conflict) in a manner that
protects livelihoods, increase and sustains recovery, and supports
economic growth. They also emphasise the importance of developing
multi-sectoral coordination in order to build resilience.
According
to DFID approach paper (2011): Disaster Resilience is the ability of
countries, communities, households and firms to manage change, by
maintaining or transforming living standards or firm’s performance in
the face of shocks or stresses - such as earthquakes, drought or violent
conflict – without compromising their long-term prospects. Resilience
framework includes analysis of the following four elements (i) the
context ;(ii) the disturbance (shocks or long-term stresses);(iii) the
capacity to deal with the disturbance (which depends upon the extent of
exposure, sensitivity, and adaptive capacity); and (iv) the reaction to
the disturbance. The concept of resilience has brought together efforts
from different fields including (i) disaster risk reduction (ii) climate
change adaptation, and (iii) social protection. Following DFID (2011)
hypothesis, determination of resilience status of farms can be a useful
strategic tool for dealing with fragility and bankruptcy of agribusiness
firms. The success of these firms in producing resilient agribusiness
will have a positive impact on agribusiness productivity which will
subsequently have global implications in strengthening the resilience of
food markets, enhancing food security, improving wellbeing, promoting
sustainability and ensuring adequate raw materials for growing
agribusiness enterprises (Interagency Report to the Mexican G20
Presidency 2012).
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ABSRACT - [ Total Page(s): 1 ]The contributions of the poultry farms to Nigerian economic development will depend on its resilience to distortions in the ever changing economic scenario.This study evaluates the resilience status of poultry (broiler) farms in Delta state, Nigeria. Well structured questionnaire was used to collect primary data from randomly selected 200 broiler farms in Delta central and Delta north agricultural zones. Descriptive statistics, multiple regression and broiler enterprise budget techniques ... Continue reading---
