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The Use And Misuse Of Nonsteroidal Anti-inflammatory Drugs (nsaids)
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CHAPTER TWO
METHOD
2.1 SETTING
Ilorin metropolis is made up of three Local Government Areas (LGAs) namely: Ilorin West, Ilorin East and Ilorin South. It is bounded in the north by Moro Local Government Area, South by Ifelodun Local Government Area and West by Asa LGA. The area land mass is about 54 square kilometers located between latitude 8o 10’ and latitude 4o 35’. It is located in the transition zone between northern and southern parts of the Nigeria. The population figure of the study area according to 2006 population census was 777, 667 with Ilorin West; 364,666, Ilorin South; 208,691 and Ilorin East; 204,310(NPC, 2006).
Ilorin West is one of the three LGA’s that make up Ilorin metropolis where the state capital of Kwara is located. The Local Government is made up of four districts namely: Ajikobi, Alanamu Magaji-Nngeri and Wara osin/Egbejila and Twelve electoral wards: Adewole, Ajikobi, Alanamu, Badari, Baboko, Magaji-Nngeri, Ogidi, Oko-erin, Oloje, Sarumi/ojuekun, Ubandawaki and Wara/osin/Egbejila.
Ilorin East LGA consists of two districts; Iponrin, and Gambari with twelve electoral wards namely: Apado Ward, Agbeyangi/Gbadamu Osin Ward, Gambari Ward I,Ibagun Ward I, Ibagun Ward II, Iponrin, Magaji Are Ward I, Magaji Are Ward II, Marafa/Pepele, Maya/Ile-Apa W, Oke-Oyi, Oke-Ose/Alalubosa and Sango.
Ilorin South LGA has its Headquarters in Fufu and with Land Area of 174 km².
The study area has one tertiary health facility, University of Ilorin Teaching Hospital, two secondary health facilities and a host of primary healthcare centers. The metropolis also has a number of wholesales and retail pharmacies distributed across the three LGAs but more concentrated in Ilorin West LGA which host the state capital city, Ilorin. Many outlets of patent medicine stores are visible within the main city and other settlements across the three LGAs.
University of Ilorin teaching hospital is a tertiary health facility owned and run by the federal government of Nigeria. It serves as referral hospital for patients from kwara and other neighbouring states like Oyo, Kogi,niger, Osun, Ekiti. It provides tertiary level of health care services even though quite a number of patients assess primary and secondary health care. The Hospital has over 600 beds with over 100 specialists in various desciplines of medicine in addition to resident doctors in-training and medical officers(Akande et al, 2009)
2.2 STUDY DESIGN
The study design is a descriptive cross sectional study, survey type of research.
2.3 STUDY POPULATION
2.3.1 PRESCRIBING PATTERN OF PHYSICIANS
Retrospective review of prescriptions at the General Outpatient Department of the University of Ilorin Teaching Hospital (UITH)
INCLUSION CRITERIA
All prescriptions for adults who were 18 years and above containing at least one NSAID within the period of Study
EXCLUSION CRITERIA
All prescriptions containing no NSAID
All prescriptions for Children and adults below the age of 18 years
2.3.2 RESIDENTS OF ILORIN METROPOLIS
Adult males and females who were resident in Ilorin metropolis
INCLUSION CRITERIA
All adult male and female who were resident in Ilorin within the study period
All adult male and female who were 18 years and above
EXCLUSION CRITERIA
All male and female adults not resident in Ilorin
All children residents who were less than 18 years
2.3.3 DISPENSING PATTERN OF PHARMACISTS WITHIN ILORIN METROPOLIS
All community Pharmacists practicing in Ilorin metropolis
INCLUSION CRITERIA
All community Pharmacists who practice in Ilorin in Community Pharmacies.
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ABSRACT - [ Total Page(s): 1 ]ABSTRACT COMING SOON ... Continue reading---
CHAPTER ONE - [ Total Page(s): 16 ]TNF, originally termed "cachectin" because of its ability to produce a wasting syndrome, is composed of two closely related proteins: mature TNF (TNF-a) and lymphotoxin (TNF-b), both of which are recognized by the same cell-surface receptors. There are two types of TNF receptors, a 75-kd type 1 receptor and a 55-kd type 2 receptor. IL-1 and TNF produce many of the same proinflammatory responses. A naturally occurring IL-1 receptor antagonist (IL-1ra), competes with IL-1 for receptor binding, blo ... Continue reading---
CHAPTER THREE - [ Total Page(s): 8 ]CHAPTER THREE RESULTS3.1 RESULTS OF ANALYSIS OF PRESCRIPTIONS/TREATMENT SHEETSOut of 1497 prescription sheets 1297 prescriptions contained NSAIDs with total of 1392 NSAIDs. The prescribing rate was hence found to be 86.6%. 7.3% of prescriptions contained more than one NSAIDs. ... Continue reading---
CHAPTER FOUR - [ Total Page(s): 2 ]CHAPTER FOURDISCUSSIONStudy of the Prescribing pattern of Nonsteroidal Antiinflammatory Drugs indicated more number of females assess health care for pain and related conditions than their male counterpart (Table 3.1), although there is widespread assumption that women will consult more readily for all symptoms or conditions and that men will be more reluctant or will delay consulting may result in health care providers assuming that women have a lower level of symptom severity before deciding ... Continue reading---
CHAPTER FIVE - [ Total Page(s): 1 ]CHAPTER FIVE CONCLUSIONThe prescribing rate of NSAIDs was high. The prevalence of NSAIDs misuse by residents was high Ibuprofen was the most highly misused among the residents. Dispensing pattern of NSAIDs by Pharmacists appeared to agree with the choice of medication use among residents. Educational status, occupation, prior knowledge of medication use and dispensing pattern of Pharmacists are factors that can influence public choice of NSAIDs use. ... Continue reading---
REFRENCES - [ Total Page(s): 5 ]Slater DM, Zervou S, Thornton S. (2002). Prostaglandins and prostanoid receptors in human pregnancy and parturition. J. Soc. Gynecol. Investig. 9:118-124.Soleymani F, Ahmadizar A and Abdollahi MA(2013). Survey on the factors influencing the pattern of medicine's use: Concerns on irrational use of drugs. J Res Pharm Pract. 2(2), 59–63.Solomon SD, McMurray JJ, Pfeffer MA, Wittes J, Fowler R, Finn P, Anderson WF, Zauber A, Hawk E, Bertagnolli M (2005). Cardiovascular risk associated with c ... Continue reading---
