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Preliminary Investigation On Effects Of Burantashi Extract On Liver Enzymes Of Aibino Male And Female Whistar Rats
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ATIEOLOGY OF ERECTILE DYSFUNCTION
Erectile dysfunction (ED) is a sexual dysfunction that affects the reproductive systems of both men and women.
According
to the definition by national Institute of Health consensus Development
(NIHCD) panel on importance (1993) in males. It is sexual dysfunction
characterized with the inability to develop or maintain an erection of
the penis sufficient for satisfactory sexual performance. It is also
known as male impotence or Baby D syndrome. While in women according to
American psychiatric Association (APA) (1994), it is characterized with
the persistant or recurrent inability to attain, or maintain until
completion of the sexual activity, an adequate lubrication. Swelling
response that otherwise is present during fem ale sexual arousal and
sexual activity is thus prevented. Hence it is called woman impotence or
female erectile dysfunction. (NIH, 2005).
The word importance may
also be used to describe other problems that interfere with sexual
intercourse and reproduction, such as lack of sexual desire and problems
with ejaculation or orgasm. Using the term “erectile dysfunction
however, makes it clear that those other problems are not involved (NIH,
2005)
An erection occurs as a hydraulic effect due to blood entering
and being retained in sponge-like bodies within the penis and clitoris.
The process is most often than not initiated as a result of sexual
arousal, when signals are transmitted from the brain to nerves in the
pelvis erectile dysfunction is therefore, indicated when an erection is
consistently difficult or impossible to produce despite arousal (Laumann
et al., 1999).
PREVALENCE OF ERECTILE DYSFUNCTION IN MEN.
Erectile
dysfunction ED, varies in severity; some men have a total inability to
achieve an erection others have inconsistent ability to achieve an
erection, and still others can sustain only brief erection. The
variation in severity of erectile dysfunction makes estimating its
frequency difficult. Many men also are reluctant to discuss erectile
dysfunction with their doctors, and thus, the condition is under
diagnosed nevertheless experts have estimated that ED affects 30 million
men in united sates, Again, according to the statistical research
carried out by Adegunloye and Eze in 2002 and 1994 respectively in
Nigeria, results show that about 23-26.5% of men suffer from this
condition while according to carey in 1990, discovered that about 4.9%
of men suffer from the condition in the united states.
While erectile
dysfunction can occur at any age, it is uncommon among young men and
more common in the elderly. By the age of 45, most men have experienced
erectile dysfunction at least some of the time. According to
Massachusetts, male Aging study, complete impotence increase from 5%
among men 40 years of age to 15% men 70 years and older. Population
studies conducted in Netherlands found out that some degree of ED
occurred in 20% men between 50-54 and in 50% of men between ages 70-78.
In 1998, the National Ambulatory Medical care survey (NAMCS) counted
1,520,000 doctor offices visited for erectile dysfunction (ED).
PREVALENCE OF ERECTILE DYSFUNCTION IN WOMEN.
Erection
dysfunction which is known as female erectile dysfunction in woman
occurs about 43% of American women (NIH consensus conference, 1993). And
this medical condition is a persistent or recurrent inability to attain
or maintain clitoral erection until completion of the sexual activity,
an adequate lubrication. Swelling response that is normally present
during female sexual arousal and sexual activity is therefore absent.
The individual having the condition is said to experience frigidity
(American Psychiatric Association, 1994). Again according to Otuba et al
in 1989, about 8.7% of women suffer from this very condition in the
United States while between 35.3-40%, according t o Adegunloye in 2002
and Eze in 1994 of women in Nigeria suffer from this condition. Spector
and carey in 1994 reported 5-10% in the united states.
In addition,
female erectile dysfunction occurs at any age but majorly in old age.
Hence, the most significant age related change is menopause (Karen,
2002) and (Rod et al., 2008).
However erectile dysfunction may be
caused by diabetes, a atherosclerosis, hormonal imbalance, neurological
problems e.t.c (Organic causes) or stress depression e.t.c
(Psychological causes).
Besides treating the underlying causes
(Organic or Psychological), the first line treatment of ED consist of a
trail of phosphodiesterase 5’(PDE-5) inhibitor (The first of which was
sildenafil or Viagra). In some cases, treatment can involve
prostaglandin tablets in the urethra, intracarvenous injection with a
fine needle into the penis or clitoris that causes swelling, a penis or
Clitoris prosthesis, a penis or clitoris pump or vascular surgery,
estrogens replacement therapy for the women e.t.c (Kendric et al., 2005)
AIM OF STUDY
The
aim of this research is to find out the effects of Barantashi.
(pausinystalia yohimbe). Extract on the liver enzymes of albino male and
female whistar rats.
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ABSRACT - [ Total Page(s): 1 ]This work was carried out to investigate the effects of Burantashi extract on liver enzymes of albino male and female whistar rats. Burantashi is a popular seasoning agent to barbecued meat (suya) in Nigeria,mostly found in the northern part of the Nigeria. Liver Enzymes are those enzymes that plays important role in the liver both in function and regulation. Erectile dysfunction (ED) is defined as the consistent or recurrent inability of a man to attain or maintain penile erection, sufficient f ... Continue reading---
