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Reproduction In Mammals
[A CASE STUDY OF UHUNMWONDE LOCAL GOVERNMENT AREA OF EDO STATE]
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For species with internal gestation
and obligatory postpartum female care (e.g., suckling in mammals), the
rate at which females can produce offspring is considerably lower than
the potential rate of reproduction of some specific males
(Clutton-Brock, 1991). In addition, internal gestation and the need for
postnatal care results in a strong bias in mammalian females toward
parental investment and results in a sex difference in the benefits of
seeking additional mates (Trivers, 1972). Males can benefit,
reproductively, from seeking and obtaining additional mates, whereas
females cannot. In other words, males that compete for additional mates
typically have more offspring than do males that do not compete and
instead invest in parenting. Thus, the sex difference in reproductive
rate, combined with offspring that can be effectively raised by the
female, creates the potential for a large female–male difference in the
mix of mating and parenting, and this difference is realized in 95-97%
of mammalian species (Clutton-Brock, 1989). In these species, females
can effectively provide the majority of parental care and do so. Female
care, in turn, frees males to invest in mating effort, which typically
takes the form of male–male competition over access to mates or for
control of the resources (e.g., territory) that females need to raise
their offspring.
1.2 STATEMENT OF THE PROBLEM
Fertility changes
with age. Both male and females become fertile in their teens following
puberty. For girls, the beginning of their reproductive years is marked
by the onset of ovulation and menstruation. It is commonly understood
that after menopause, women are no longer able to become pregnant.
Generally, reproductive potential decreases as women get older, and
fertility can be expected to end 5 to 10 years before menopause. In
today’s society age-related infertility is becoming more common because,
for a variety of reasons, many women wait until their 30s to begin
their families. Even though women today are healthier and taking better
care of themselves than ever before, improved health in their in later
life does not offset the natural age-related infertility. It is
important to understand that fertility declines as a woman’s ages due to
the natural age-related decrease in the number of eggs that remain in
the ovaries. This decline may take place much sooner that most women
expect and thus hinder their chances of reproduction.
1.3 HYPOTHESIS OF THE STUDY
The hypothesis of this study is stated in the null as;
Not every pregnant woman knows what to do if her labour starts early.
1.4 AIM AND OBJECTIVES OF THE STUDY
The
aim of this study is to outline the concept of reproduction in man and
the challenges faced overtime. Some of the objectives include but not
limited to;
Give an insightful introduction to the concept of reproduction.
Give an insight into some challenges of reproduction and how they can be managed.
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ABSRACT - [ Total Page(s): 1 ]This study examined reproduction in mammals using man as a case study. In the study, some of the main features of reproduction in man are explored. After considering some of the various aspects of reproduction in man and the challenges faced, we move to consider in particular, pregnancy and childbirth. To this effect, a questionnaire was designed that addressed issues relating to pregnancy and childbirth. The primary audiences for the questionnaire were pregnant women/nursing mothers and medical ... Continue reading---
