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Effects Of Salt Water On Concrete
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1.2 SALT WATER (SEA WATER)
Sea water has a
salinity of about 3.5%. in that about 78% is sodium chloride and 15% is
chloride and sulphate of magnesium. Sea water also contain small
quantities of sodium and potassium salts. This can react with reactive
aggregates in the same manner as alkalizes in cement. Therefore, sea
water should not be used even for Pcc if aggregates are known to be
potentially alkalie reactive. It is reported that the use of sea water
for mixing concrete does not appreciately reduce the strength of
concrete although it may lead to corrosion of reinforcement in certain
cases. Research workers are unanimous in their opinion, that sea water
can be used in un-reinforced concrete or mass concrete sea water
slightly accelerates the early strength of concrete. But it reduces the
28day strength of concrete by about 10 to 15percent.
However, this
loss of strength could be made up by redesigning the mix. Water
containing large quantities of chlorides in sea water may cause
efflorescence and persistent dampness. When the appearance of concrete
is important, sea water may be avoided.
Granite, limestone, sand stone, or basaltic rock are crushed for use principally as concrete aggregate or road stone.
ADVANTAGES OF CONCRETE
Under
normal conditions, concrete grows stronger as it grows older. It is the
most widely used material (construction) in the world, because it is
the only major building material that can be delivered to the job site
in a plastic state.
Concrete can be molded into different form or
shape due to its unique quality. Other qualities of concrete as a
building material are its strength, durability, and economy, depending
on the mixture of material used.
Concrete provides a wide latitude in
surface texture and colours and can be used to construct a wide variety
of structures, such as highways and street bridges, dams, large
buildings, airport runways, irrigation structures, breakwaters, piers
and docks, sidewalks, silos and farm buildings, home and even barges and
ships.
DISADVANTAGES OF CONCRETE
• Ordinary concrete are much weaker in tension, than in compression.
• Concrete is a bottle material and presses very low tensile strength, limiting ductility and little resistance to cracking
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Internal micro cracks as inherent present in the concrete and its poor
tensile strength propagates such micro cracks and eventually leading to
bottle failure of concrete.
• Concrete containing micro silica is
vulnerable to plastic shrinkage, cracking and therefore, sheet or mat
curing should be considered.
1.3 OBJECTIVES AND PURPOSE OF STUDY
The purpose of the study is to know the adverse negative effect the water (salt) may have on concrete.
Water
is an important ingredient of concrete as it actively participates in
the chemical reaction with cement. Since it helps to form the strength
giving cement gal, the quantity and quality of water is required to be
looked into very carefully. Sea water has a salinity of about
3.5percent, in that , about 78% is sodium chloride and 15% is chloride
and sulphate of magnesium. It is said that the use of salt water (sea)
for mixing concrete does not appreciably reduce the strength of concrete
through it may lead to corrosion of reinforcement in certain cases. The
aim of the experiment is to prove whether or not, if the sea water can
reduce the strength of concrete.
CHAPTER ONE -- [Total Page(s) 4]
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ABSRACT - [ Total Page(s): 1 ]This project is carried out to know the effects of salt water on concrete. Salt water has salinity of about 3.5%. in that, about 78% is sodium chloride and 15% is chloride and sulphate of magnesium. The result gotten from the experiment being carried out shows different result from the mix design, casting, curing and crushing of different dates of each cubes. The compressive strength of each cube was also determined e.g. for the compressive strength of mix design 1.2.2:4 for both salt water and ... Continue reading---
