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Sustainable Cement Utilization
[Enugu, Enugu State Nigeria] -
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QUESTIONNAIRE
SECTION A
QUESTIONNAIRE FOR THE CEMENT DEALERS IN ENUGU
Please tick (√) or indicate in the box against your responses.1. Sex (a) Male [ ](b) Female[ ]
2. Marital Status (a) Single [ ](b) Married[ ]
3. Age (a) Below 20 [ ](b) 20-39 [ ](c) 40 and above[ ]
4. Educational background (a) Primary School[ ] (b) Secondary
School [ ](c) Tertiary Institution [ ](d) Professional Certificate[ ]
(e) None of the above[ ]5. How long have you been in this business (a) below 5 years[ ]
(b) 10 – 15 years [ ](c) above 15 years[ ]
6. Income lever per month (a) low N 5,000 – N 10,00[ ]
(b)Middle income N 10,000 – 25,000 [ ](c) above N 25,000[ ]7. What part of Enugu State do you do thus construction work?
(a) Enugu West [ ](b) Enugu East [ ](c) Enugu South[ ]
(d) Enugu North[ ] (e) All of the above8. Where do you get cement you sell (a) Imported [ ] (b) within Nigeria[ ]
9. If imported, in what form do you get the product (a) In bulk [ ] (b) in bags [ ]
10. Do you get this product whenever you make a demand for it? (a) Yes [ ] (b) No [ ]
11. What time of the year does this product get scarce? (a) Wet/Rainy season [ ] (b) Dry Season [ ]
(c) None of the above [ ] (d) All of the above [ ]12. Do you have difficulty selling off this product (a) Yes [ ] (b) No [ ]
13. What is the effect of transportation as it affects cost and pollution (a) Adverse [ ] (b) Moderate [ ] (c) Very bad [ ]
14. How do you lodge you complaints to the dealers (a) verbal report [ ] (b) Written report [ ] (c) Filling complaint form [ ] (d) No report is made[ ]
15. Are there prompt responses to complaint when lodged? (a) Yes [ ] (b) No [ ]16. What do you think is the biggest challenge to the cement producer? (a) Raw material [ ] (b) Power supply [ ] (c) Distribution network [ ]
(d) Pollution [ ] (e) Lack of government support [ ]17. What brand of cement do you use (a) Dangote [ ] (b) Ibeto [ ] (c) Objana [ ] (d) Nkalagu [ ] (e) others [ ]
18. Why do you prefer the brand you use? (a) They are easily sold off [ ] (b) the supply comes when demanded [ ] (c) They are better for
construction [ ] (d) That is the only available brand [ ] (e) All of the above [ ]19. What quantity of cement do you get monthly? (a) Less than 100 bags [ ] (b) between 100-300 [ ] (c) 300 – 600 [ ] (d) Above 600 [ ]
20. Do you usually met up with the demand of cement in your shop? (a) Not always [ ] (b) very often [ ] (c) rarely [ ]
21. What is responsible for the shortfall in supply? (a) Raw material [ ] (b) power supply [ ] (c) distribution network [ ] (d)Transportation [ ]
(e) Lack of government support (f) All of the above22. What is the effect of transportation on cement? (a) Delay [ ] (b) price increase [ ] (c) pollution [ ] (d) traffic congestion [ ]
23. What is the effect of cement utilization on the environment? (a) Provision of job opportunity [ ] (b) pollution [ ] (c)High standard of living (d) low standard of living [ ] (e) Loss of farm land [ ] (f) All of the above [ ] (g) None of the above [ ]
24. Are there alternatives to housing in Enugu state other than the use of cement? (a) Yes [ ] (b) No [ ]
25. What are these alternatives? (a) mud/clay [ ] (b) interlocking blocks [ ] (c) Bricks [ ]
26. What can you say presently about these alternatives over cement utilization? (a) Overriding [ ] (b) moderately in use [ ] (c) Negligible[ ]
27. How many trucks or trailers of cement come into the market weekly? (a) Less than 6 [ ] (b) between 6 – 10 [ ] (c) above 10 [ ]
28. What type of cement do you use? (a) Portland cement [ ] (b) Water Repellant cement [ ] (c) Sulphate Resistant cement [ ] (d) Others [ ]
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ABSRACT - [ Total Page(s): 1 ]ABSTRACTThe research work examined and analyzed Sustainable Cement Utilization in Enugu, Enugu State Nigeria. The research was carried out between July 2009 and January 2010. Sustainability is the power to use a thing and still keep it going or maintained for the next use. (Oxford Dictionary). The concept of sustainability now transcends environmental sustainability to embrace economic and social sustainability (Plessis 2001). Cement is the key element in the rapidly growing construction sector. ... Continue reading---
LIST OF TABLES - [ Total Page(s): 1 ]LIST OF TABLESTABLE 1: Typical Constituent of Portland Cement. Cement Industry Notation under CCNTABLE 2: Test Result of Ikpayongo LateriteTable 3: Gender, marital status and age groupTable 4: Educational back ground and number of years in the business.Table 5: Income level per month and locationTable 6: Getting the product and the form in which they get the product.Table 7: Biggest challenge to the cement producers and the brand of cement commonly usedTable 8: Brand of cement used/soldTable 9: ... Continue reading---
LIST OF PLATES - [ Total Page(s): 1 ]LIST OF PLATESPLATE 1: A Pallet with Portland CementPLATE 2: Blue Circle Southern Cement; Works near Berrima, New South Wales, Australia.PLATE 3: Cement plant, Midlothian, TexasPLATE 4: A limestone Prehomogenization pile being built by a boom stackerPLATE 5: A completed limestone pre homogenization pilePLATE 6: Precalciner kilnPLATE 7: Typical clinker nodulesPLATE 8: 10 MW cement mill, producing cement at 270 tonnes per hourPLATE 9: Decorative use of Portland cement panels on London’s Gro ... Continue reading---
LIST OF FIGURES - [ Total Page(s): 1 ]LIST OF FIGURESFIG 1: Schematic explanation of Portland cement productionFIG.2: Chart for Constituent Materials for Low-Cost HousingFIG.3: Coarse AggregateFIG.4: Bamboo and Palm Fibres as Alternatives to Steel Reinforcement ... Continue reading---
TABLE OF CONTENTS - [ Total Page(s): 1 ]TABLE OF CONTENTCertification………………………………….………………………….……... iTitle page………………………………………………………………..…….. iiAcknowledgement…………………………†... Continue reading---
CHAPTER ONE - [ Total Page(s): 2 ]CHAPTER ONE INTRODUCTION Sustainability is an integrating and holistic process aiming to restore harmony between the natural and the built environment, and create settlements that affirm human dignity and encourage equity (Yitmen 2005). Sustainability is the power to use a thing and keep it going or maintained for the next use (Oxford Advanced Dictionary). It can also be defined as using the environment and not jeopardizing the opportunity of being used by the next generation (Obiegbu 2005). Sus ... Continue reading---
CHAPTER TWO - [ Total Page(s): 7 ]White Cement White cement is a Portland cement CEM I made from specially selected raw materials, usually pure chalk and white clay (kaolin) containing very small quantities of iron oxides and manganese oxides. White cement is frequently chosen by architects for use in white, off-white or coloured concretes that will be exposed, inside or outside buildings, to the public's gaze. Masonry Cement: Masonry cements, as their name suggests, are designed for use in masonry mortars for bricklaying, block ... Continue reading---
CHAPTER THREE - [ Total Page(s): 1 ]CHAPTER THREE 3.1: INTRODUCTION This chapter describes the production used in gathering and generating the data needed for carrying out the research work and the subsequent technique for processing and analyzing collected data. 3.2: SOURCES OF DATA COLLECTION The relevant data used for this research emanated from both primary and secondary sources. 3.3: PRIMARY DATA This primary data were generated from questionnaires and oral interview. However the essence of using questionnaires and oral inter ... Continue reading---
CHAPTER FOUR - [ Total Page(s): 3 ]CHAPTER FOURDATA COLLECTION AND ANALYSIS4.1 INTRODUCTIONThis chapter deals with presentation and analyses of the data obtainedfrom the questionnaires designed for the study as well as oral interview.4.2 CHARACTERISTICS OF THE RESPONDENTS.4.2:1 RESPONDENTS GENDER, MARITAL STATUS AND AGE GROUPTable shows that 82.5% of the cement dealers were males and the remaining 17.5% were females. For the site personnel, 100% of the respondents were males. This shows that males outnumbered females. The table a ... Continue reading---
CHAPTER FIVE - [ Total Page(s): 1 ]CHAPTER FIVE CONCLUSION AND DISCUSSION This study shows that the socio-economic components of sustainable production and utilization is seen to be most challenging. The strongest effect of utilization of cement is transportation and the unfriendly nature of cement production. The above has a serious impact on the environment. The effect of transportation will be reduced if the roads and railways are in healthy condition. And transportation on the other way round has impact on the price of cement ... Continue reading---
REFRENCES - [ Total Page(s): 1 ]REFERENCES Agbede I.O. Joel. M. (2002), Use of Cement – Sand as mixture in Laterite Brick Production for Loaw Cost Housing Department of Civil Engineering, University of Agriculture, Markudi Benue State, Nigeria. Ajobo O. Akinola A.A, Tijani A.A Cement Production Externalities and Profitability of crop Enterprise in two Local Government Areas of Ogun State, Nigeria. Annual Abstracts of Statistics (2006) Annual Production (2007) Central Bank Bulletin Barnsaye J.A (2007) Cement Bonded Parti ... Continue reading---
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ABSRACT - [ Total Page(s): 1 ]ABSTRACTThe research work examined and analyzed Sustainable Cement Utilization in Enugu, Enugu State Nigeria. The research was carried out between July 2009 and January 2010. Sustainability is the power to use a thing and still keep it going or maintained for the next use. (Oxford Dictionary). The concept of sustainability now transcends environmental sustainability to embrace economic and social sustainability (Plessis 2001). Cement is the key element in the rapidly growing construction sector. ... Continue reading---