Sustainable Cement Utilization
[Enugu, Enugu State Nigeria]

CHAPTER THREE

3.1: INTRODUCTION

This chapter describes the production used in gathering and generating the data needed for carrying out the research work and the subsequent technique for processing and analyzing collected data.

3.2: SOURCES OF DATA COLLECTION The relevant data used for this research emanated from both primary and secondary sources.

3.3: PRIMARY DATA This primary data were generated from questionnaires and oral interview. However the essence of using questionnaires and oral interview is to have a personal interaction with the cement dealers as well as the site personnel that make use of this product. The questions were well structured and covered with the broad base details needed for the study.

3.4: SECONDARY DATA Secondary data was derived from relevant research works, textbooks, journals, newspapers, magazines, seminar papers, proceedings and policies on related areas.

3.5: POPULATION OF THE STUDY. The population of the study involves the cement dealers in Enugu State as well as the site personnel and contractors.

3.6: SAMPLE SELECTION / TECHNIQUE In order to select the sample size of the population, data on cement utilization was collected from the three main cement distribution centers was collected. These include Kanyetta Market depot, Garriki cement depot and Emene cement depot all in Enugu State. This is to enable the researcher to work within a confidence limit.

NUMBER OF CEMENT TRUCKS THAT ENTER INTO THESE DEPOTS
WEEKLY:
Depot                        No of Individuals
Kanyetta                        34
Garriki                            20
Emene                              9
Total                               63
Source: cement depots in Enugu State.

This is to determine the sample of the study, the Bouly’s formula was employed since the total population was known as

n = N
________
1+N (e)2

Where;
n = sample size
N = population (no of bags of cement brought into depot)
e = error margin, normally in percentage (%)
1 = constant
Therefore substituting from the formula
n = 63
________
1 + 63 (0.05)2 = 54.43

The sample size is 54.43 which is 86.39% of the population. In a bid to have a good representation of the entire population in the data collected, systematic random sampling techniques was employed.

3.7: RESEARCH METHODS

Survey research method was used because of the type of this study. This is aimed at achieving three main objectives of the study namely; description, exploration and explanation. The use of survey research method makes the information or data generated directly from the respondent to be more district and finite. According to Nwogu (1991). Survey research methods is one way in which people or item are studied by collecting and analyzing data from a few people or items considered to be representations of the entire groups.

3.8: METHOD OF INVESTIGATION

The methods used for investigation are questionnaire and oral interview.

3.9: QUESTIONNAIRE:

The questionnaire was structure in such a way as to present ambiguity and consistency in responses. The questionnaire contained questions both for the dealers and for the site personnel.

3.9:1 : ORAL INTERVIEW

This is the process of obtaining information through conversations between the interview and the responsibility was also employed during this research work. Oral interview was basically flexible and encourages the respondents to express their view and feelings more freely than by way of answering (filling) the questionnaire. It is also used to make up where questionnaire failed due to its formal nature. 3.9:2: VALIDITY AND

RELIABILITY OF MEASURING INSTRUMENTS

Validity of an instrument refers to the extent an instrument of measurement actually measures what it is intended to measure. Therefore, an instrument is valid to the extent, that it is tailored to achieve the research objectives. In an effort to ensure the validity of the instrument, the instrument was therefore` subjected to face and center on validity. This is to enable the researcher obtain information relevant to the purpose and objectives of the research. The questionnaire was presented to the major cement dealers in Enugu State. Reliability is a measure of internal consistency and confidence reposed on the results obtained from administering an instrument. The researcher ensured that questions were not ambiguously presented to respondent as to give them the impression of different meaning or inconsistent responses when instrument is used repeatedly. This is to minimize the reliability of the instrument.

3.9:3: ADMINISTRATION OF QUESTIONNAIRES

The questionnaire was administered to respondents by the researcher by hand during which the intent of the researcher was explained to them in order to enable the researcher work with some degree of confidence. Eighty (80) questionnaires were administered on all respondents for the purpose of this study. Sixty three questionnaires were returned. All the questionnaires were returned as shown in the table below;

3.9:4: METHOD OF DATA ANALYSIS

The data that will be obtained from this study will be analyzed using statistical methods such as frequency distributions bar chart, and percentage.