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Sustainable Cement Utilization
[Enugu, Enugu State Nigeria] -
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CHAPTER FIVE
CONCLUSION AND DISCUSSION
This study shows that the socio-economic components of sustainable production and utilization is seen to be most challenging. The strongest effect of utilization of cement is transportation and the unfriendly nature of cement production. The above has a serious impact on the environment. The effect of transportation will be reduced if the roads and railways are in healthy condition. And transportation on the other way round has impact on the price of cement. And this when handled properly can bring down the price of cement which is the dream of the government and the general public. Again, that fact that the government still hopes so much on serious problem which can be solved by raising the dead cement production industries and starting more new ones. Finally, the present effect of cement on the environment is an alarming situation but can be solved by using alternative fuels in production which are renewable and making use of alternative materials to produce houses outside the use of cement.
RECOMMENDATIONS
1. There should be public enlightenment on alternative materials for production of houses.
2. The government should revive the cement industries that presently not functional and start up more cement industries in order to meet up with the present demand of cement in the country.
3. Government should give more licenses to individuals to import more cement into the country in order to reduce the high price of cement in the country until they are able to produce as much as needed and reissue expired import licenses.
4. Government should take proper care of the roads and railways to reduce the impact of transportation.
5. Government should equally improve the power system for proper supply in the production units. 6. Cement industries should be sited far away from residential areas and farmlands.
7. Government should as a matter of urgency should relocate the cement industries in the residential areas and farmlands.
8. Renewable fuel be used for cement production to reduce the impact of production on the environment.
9. The government should break the apparent monopoly in the cement industry.
10. There should be a deadline to end the reliance on imports. The entire nation is interested in a long term policy that can maximize local potential for cement manufacturing, provide jobs and stimulate the economy.
RECOMMENDATION FOR FURTHER STUDY Other alternative materials for building production.
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ABSRACT - [ Total Page(s): 1 ]ABSTRACTThe research work examined and analyzed Sustainable Cement Utilization in Enugu, Enugu State Nigeria. The research was carried out between July 2009 and January 2010. Sustainability is the power to use a thing and still keep it going or maintained for the next use. (Oxford Dictionary). The concept of sustainability now transcends environmental sustainability to embrace economic and social sustainability (Plessis 2001). Cement is the key element in the rapidly growing construction sector. ... Continue reading---
QUESTIONNAIRE - [ Total Page(s): 2 ]QUESTIONNAIRESECTION AQUESTIONNAIRE FOR THE CEMENT DEALERS IN ENUGUPlease tick (√) or indicate in the box against your responses.1. Sex (a) Male [ ](b) Female[ ]2. Marital Status (a) Single [ ](b) Married[ ]3. Age (a) Below 20 [ ](b) 20-39 [ ](c) 40 and above[ ]4. Educational background (a) Primary School[ ] (b) SecondarySchool [ ](c) Tertiary Institution [ ](d) Professional Certificate[ ](e) None of the above[ ]5. How long have you been in this business (a) below 5 ... Continue reading---
LIST OF TABLES - [ Total Page(s): 1 ]LIST OF TABLESTABLE 1: Typical Constituent of Portland Cement. Cement Industry Notation under CCNTABLE 2: Test Result of Ikpayongo LateriteTable 3: Gender, marital status and age groupTable 4: Educational back ground and number of years in the business.Table 5: Income level per month and locationTable 6: Getting the product and the form in which they get the product.Table 7: Biggest challenge to the cement producers and the brand of cement commonly usedTable 8: Brand of cement used/soldTable 9: ... Continue reading---
LIST OF PLATES - [ Total Page(s): 1 ]LIST OF PLATESPLATE 1: A Pallet with Portland CementPLATE 2: Blue Circle Southern Cement; Works near Berrima, New South Wales, Australia.PLATE 3: Cement plant, Midlothian, TexasPLATE 4: A limestone Prehomogenization pile being built by a boom stackerPLATE 5: A completed limestone pre homogenization pilePLATE 6: Precalciner kilnPLATE 7: Typical clinker nodulesPLATE 8: 10 MW cement mill, producing cement at 270 tonnes per hourPLATE 9: Decorative use of Portland cement panels on London’s Gro ... Continue reading---
LIST OF FIGURES - [ Total Page(s): 1 ]LIST OF FIGURESFIG 1: Schematic explanation of Portland cement productionFIG.2: Chart for Constituent Materials for Low-Cost HousingFIG.3: Coarse AggregateFIG.4: Bamboo and Palm Fibres as Alternatives to Steel Reinforcement ... Continue reading---
TABLE OF CONTENTS - [ Total Page(s): 1 ]TABLE OF CONTENTCertification………………………………….………………………….……... iTitle page………………………………………………………………..…….. iiAcknowledgement…………………………†... Continue reading---
CHAPTER ONE - [ Total Page(s): 2 ]CHAPTER ONE INTRODUCTION Sustainability is an integrating and holistic process aiming to restore harmony between the natural and the built environment, and create settlements that affirm human dignity and encourage equity (Yitmen 2005). Sustainability is the power to use a thing and keep it going or maintained for the next use (Oxford Advanced Dictionary). It can also be defined as using the environment and not jeopardizing the opportunity of being used by the next generation (Obiegbu 2005). Sus ... Continue reading---
CHAPTER TWO - [ Total Page(s): 7 ]White Cement White cement is a Portland cement CEM I made from specially selected raw materials, usually pure chalk and white clay (kaolin) containing very small quantities of iron oxides and manganese oxides. White cement is frequently chosen by architects for use in white, off-white or coloured concretes that will be exposed, inside or outside buildings, to the public's gaze. Masonry Cement: Masonry cements, as their name suggests, are designed for use in masonry mortars for bricklaying, block ... Continue reading---
CHAPTER THREE - [ Total Page(s): 1 ]CHAPTER THREE 3.1: INTRODUCTION This chapter describes the production used in gathering and generating the data needed for carrying out the research work and the subsequent technique for processing and analyzing collected data. 3.2: SOURCES OF DATA COLLECTION The relevant data used for this research emanated from both primary and secondary sources. 3.3: PRIMARY DATA This primary data were generated from questionnaires and oral interview. However the essence of using questionnaires and oral inter ... Continue reading---
CHAPTER FOUR - [ Total Page(s): 3 ]CHAPTER FOURDATA COLLECTION AND ANALYSIS4.1 INTRODUCTIONThis chapter deals with presentation and analyses of the data obtainedfrom the questionnaires designed for the study as well as oral interview.4.2 CHARACTERISTICS OF THE RESPONDENTS.4.2:1 RESPONDENTS GENDER, MARITAL STATUS AND AGE GROUPTable shows that 82.5% of the cement dealers were males and the remaining 17.5% were females. For the site personnel, 100% of the respondents were males. This shows that males outnumbered females. The table a ... Continue reading---
REFRENCES - [ Total Page(s): 1 ]REFERENCES Agbede I.O. Joel. M. (2002), Use of Cement – Sand as mixture in Laterite Brick Production for Loaw Cost Housing Department of Civil Engineering, University of Agriculture, Markudi Benue State, Nigeria. Ajobo O. Akinola A.A, Tijani A.A Cement Production Externalities and Profitability of crop Enterprise in two Local Government Areas of Ogun State, Nigeria. Annual Abstracts of Statistics (2006) Annual Production (2007) Central Bank Bulletin Barnsaye J.A (2007) Cement Bonded Parti ... Continue reading---
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ABSRACT - [ Total Page(s): 1 ]ABSTRACTThe research work examined and analyzed Sustainable Cement Utilization in Enugu, Enugu State Nigeria. The research was carried out between July 2009 and January 2010. Sustainability is the power to use a thing and still keep it going or maintained for the next use. (Oxford Dictionary). The concept of sustainability now transcends environmental sustainability to embrace economic and social sustainability (Plessis 2001). Cement is the key element in the rapidly growing construction sector. ... Continue reading---
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CHAPTER FIVE -- [Total Page(s) 1]
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