-
The Effects Of Entrepreneurial Characteristics On Business Performance
[A CASE STUDY OF APEX PAINT LTD]
CHAPTER FIVE -- [Total Page(s) 4]
Page 3 of 4
-
-
-
3. Sociological Entrepreneurship Theory
The sociological theory is the third of the major entrepreneurship theories. Sociological enterprise focuses on the social context .In other words, in the sociological theories the level of analysis is traditionally the society (Landstrom, 1998).
Reynolds (1991) has identified four social contexts that relates to entrepreneurial opportunity. The first one is social networks. Here, the focus is on building social relationships and bonds that promote trust and not opportunism. In other words, the entrepreneur should not take undue advantage of people to be successful; rather success comes as a result of keeping faith with the people.
The second he called the life course stage context which involves analyzing the life situations and characteristic of individuals who have decided to become entrepreneurs. The experiences of people could influence their thought and action so they want to do something meaningful with their lives.
The third context is ethnic identification. One’s sociological background is one of the decisive “push†factors to become an entrepreneur. For example, the social background of a person determines how far he/she can go. Marginalized groups may violate all obstacles and strive for success, spurred on by their disadvantaged background to make life better. The fourth social context is called population ecology. The idea is that environmental factors play an important role in the survival of businesses. The political system, government legislation, customers, employees and competition are some of the environmental factors that may have an impact on survival of new venture or the success of the entrepreneur.
4. Anthropological Entrepreneurship Theory
The fourth major theory is referred to as the anthropological theory. Anthropology is the study of the origin, development, customs, and beliefs of a community. In other words, the culture of the people in the community .The anthropological theory says that for someone to successful initiate a venture the social and cultural contexts should be examined or considered.
Here emphasis is on the cultural entrepreneurship model. The model says that new venture is created by the influence of one’s culture. Cultural practices lead to entrepreneurial attitudes such as innovation that also lead to venture creation behavior. Individual ethnicity affects attitude and behavior (Baskerville, 2003) and culture reflects particular ethnic, social, economic, ecological, and political complexities in individuals (Mitchell et al., 2002a). Thus, cultural environments can produce attitude differences (Baskerville, 2003) as well as entrepreneurial behavior differences (North, 1990; Shane 1994).
5. Opportunity–Based Entrepreneurship Theory
The opportunity-based theory is anchored by names such as Peter Drucker and Howard Stevenson. An opportunity-based approach provides a wide-ranging conceptual framework for entrepreneurship research (Fiet, 2002; Shane, 2000).
Entrepreneurs do not cause change (as claimed by the Schumpeterian or Austrian school) but exploit the opportunities that change (in technology, consumer preferences etc.) creates (Drucker, 1985). He further says, “This defines entrepreneur and entrepreneurship, the entrepreneur always searches for change, responds to it, and exploits it as an opportunityâ€. What is apparent in Drucker’s opportunity construct is that entrepreneurs have an eye more for possibilities created by change than the problems.
Stevenson (1990) extends Drucker’s opportunity-based construct to include resourcefulness. This is based on research to determine the differences between entrepreneurial management and administrative management. He concludes that the hub of entrepreneurial management is the “pursuit of opportunity without regard to resources currently controlledâ€.
6. Resource- Based Entrepreneurship Theories
The Resource-based theory of entrepreneurship argues that access to resources by founders is an important predictor of opportunity based entrepreneurship and new venture growth (Alvarez & Busenitz, 2001).This theory stresses the importance of financial, social and human resources (Aldrich, 1999). Thus, access to resources enhances the individual’s ability to detect and act upon discovered opportunities (Davidson & Honing, 2003). Financial, social and human capital represents three classes of theories under the resource – based entrepreneurship theories.
CHAPTER FIVE -- [Total Page(s) 4]
Page 3 of 4
-
-
ABSRACT - [ Total Page(s): 1 ]ABSTRACTThe study examined the effect of entrepreneurial characteristics on business performance. The main objectives of the study were to find out the effect of entrepreneurial characteristic on business performance with the case study of APEX paint Ltd. The research also described the performance of the business based on the characteristics exhibited by the entrepreneurs. Quantitative research method was used in the study. The total population of the study is 290, while relevant data was gathe ... Continue reading---
QUESTIONNAIRE - [ Total Page(s): 3 ]QUESTIONNAIRETHE EFFECTS OF ENTREPRENEURIAL CHARACTERISTICS ON BUSINESS PERFORMANCE (Apex Paints Ltd)COLLEGE OF HUMANITIES MANAGEMENT AND SOCIAL SCIENCESDEPARTMENT OF BUSINESS AND ENTREPRENEURSHIPKWARA STATE UNIVERSITY, MALETE.Dear Sir/Ma, This questionnaire is designed to acquire information on the effect of entrepreneurial characteristics on business performance in Nigeria. In order to enable me carry out this research work. All information collected from you shall be treated with ... Continue reading---
TABLE OF CONTENTS - [ Total Page(s): 1 ]TABLE OF CONTENTSContentsCertification Declaration Dedication Acknowledgements Table of Contents List of Tables Abstract CHAPTER ONE INTRODUCTION 1.1Background of the Study 1.2 Statement of Research Problem 1.3 Research Aim and Objectives 1.4 Research Questions 1.5 Research Hypotheses 1.6 Significance of the Study 1.7 Limitation of the Study 1.8 Scope of the Study 1.9 Outline of Chapters 1.10 Operationalization 1.11 Definition of Terms CHAPTER TWO LITERATURE ... Continue reading---
CHAPTER ONE - [ Total Page(s): 3 ]CHAPTER ONEINTRODUCTION1.1 Background of the Study Starting from the time of report of the fascinating study of entrepreneurs by McClelland (1961) in which he came out with a list of nine characteristics of the entrepreneur, several other writers have equally illuminated the list of entrepreneur characteristics. McClelland (1961) listed the following characteristics of entrepreneur; need for achievement, desire for responsibility, preference for moderate risks, perception of probabil ... Continue reading---
CHAPTER TWO - [ Total Page(s): 10 ]Thus, the AMP was based on three main conceptualizations (Kirzner, 1973).The first was the arbitraging market in which opportunities emerge for given market actors as others overlook certain opportunities or undertake suboptimal activity. The second was alertness to profit-making opportunities, which entrepreneurs discover and entrepreneurial advantage. The third conceptualization, following Say (1803) and Schumpeter (1934), was that ownership is distinct from entrepreneurship. In other words, e ... Continue reading---
CHAPTER THREE - [ Total Page(s): 4 ]CHAPTER THREERESEARCH METHODOLOGY3.1 Introduction This chapter describes the various methods and techniques used to collect and analyze the data gathered for the study to gain a deeper understanding of the topic under study. The data collection stage is important since the result of the analysis is dependent on the quality of the data obtained. Therefore, the method selected for data collection must be the most appropriate to assist in achieving the objectives of the study.3.2 R ... Continue reading---
CHAPTER FOUR - [ Total Page(s): 14 ]The F-Test (ANOVA)This is used to test the overall statically significant of the variables. It is meant to test the overall significance of the entire model as regards the dependent variable. It checks the joint variance of the explanatory variables. The level of significance to be used is 5%. Hence, if the probability is ≤ 0.05, the explanatory variables’ parameter estimates will be jointly statistically significant.a. Predictors: (Constant), market, innovationThe correlation betwe ... Continue reading---
REFRENCES - [ Total Page(s): 1 ]REFERENCESAfonja, B. (1999). Entrepreneurship Management, Lagos: Adoki Press (1st Edition).Basheer, O. (2005). Developing Small Scale Business Enterprise, Kano: Abubakar PressBurnett, C. (2000). Entrepreneurship, London: University Press.Brochlans, L. (1982). Managing Small Business Enterprise, Manchester: Paula Co. (1st Ed).Egbe, O. (2006). Entrepreneurship Development in Nigeria, Journal of Management. Retrieved on the 24/05/012 from http://www.wikibooks.com Litvaket and Mance, F. (1999). Mana ... Continue reading---
