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Impact Of Taxation On The Operation Of Small And Medium Scale Business
[A CASE STUDY OF SMEs IN ABEOKUTA METROPOLIS]
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Opponents of the proportional tax claim that higher income earners should pay a higher percentage than poorer taxpayers. They see the system as placing a more significant burden on middle-income earners to carry a large portion of government spending. While the percentage of tax is the same, which can be regarded as fair, the after-tax effect on low-income earners is more burdensome than for high-income earners.
Proponents of proportional taxes argue that they are beneficial. This tax system encourages economic growth as individuals and businesses seek higher earnings without the penalty of paying higher tax rates, which is the case in a progressive tax system. Additionally, a proportional tax system is easy to understand and apply in practice, since there is no issue as to the rate of tax.
To understand a proportional tax system, it is important to also look at how it defines income. If a system has generous deductions, then low-income earners may be exempt from tax, thus eliminating, at least in part, the regressive aspects of the tax. Variations of the proportional tax include allowing mortgage deductions and setting lower income levels.
TAX HOLIDAY
Governments of developing countries commonly adopt tax holidays to encourage investment. This article evaluates the incentives provided by company income tax holidays and explains the importance of the timing of depreciation allowances in determining the effective tax rates and the cost of capital to firms considering additional investment during the holiday. If an asset is long-lived and depreciation allowances for tax purposes are accelerated, the tax holiday, by preventing depreciation deductions during periods of peak profits, may actually penalize a company for investing during the holiday. The closer the investment to the end of the holiday period, the more severe the penalty. If, instead, depreciation allowances may be deferred until after the holiday, this program of incentives is quite generous to the firm. How these sharply contrasting results may emerge is illustrated through estimation of effective tax rates and user costs of capital under tax holiday systems
2.4 EMPIRICAL FRAMEWORK
This section brings evidences on the study that small and medium scales owners lack understanding of the impact of taxation. Many authors have conducted similar study on the impact of taxation on the operation of small and medium scale businesses. However this study brings some of the empirical studies;
Most businesses in Nigeria are owned and managed by persons who are unskilled in the profession of accounting and thus do not keep proper books of accounts. These are especially sole proprietors and family businesses or partnerships. These generally do not keep books of accounts, have low sales turn over and change hands and business very often.
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ABSRACT - [ Total Page(s): 1 ]ABSTRACTSmall and Medium Enterprises play a very important role in development of the Nigerian Economy. Making up about 97% of the entire economy, they serve as a source of employment generation, innovation, competition, economic dynamism which ultimately lead to poverty alleviation and national growth. Tax policy is one of the factors that constitute the Small businesses’ economic environment. This research work tries to establish if any relationship exists between the growth of Small bu ... Continue reading---
QUESTIONNAIRE - [ Total Page(s): 3 ]QUESTIONNAIRETHE IMPACT OF TAXATION ON THE OPERATION OF SMALL AND MEDIUM SCALE BUSINESS (A CASE STUDY OF SMEs IN ABEOKUTA METROPOLOIS)COLLEGE OF HUMANITIES MANAGEMENT AND SOCIAL SCIENCESDEPARTMENT OF BUSINESS AND ENTREPRENEURSHIPKWARA STATE UNIVERSITY, MALETE.Dear Sir/Ma, This questionnaire is designed to acquire information on the effect of entrepreneurial characteristics on business performance in Nigeria. In order to enable me carry out this research work. All information collecte ... Continue reading---
TABLE OF CONTENTS - [ Total Page(s): 2 ]TABLE OF CONTENTSContentsCERTIFICATION DECLARATION DEDICATION ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS TABLE OF CONTENTS LIST OF TABLES ABSTRACT CHAPTER ONE INTRODUCTION 1.1Background of the Study 1.2 Statement of Research Problem 1.3 Research Aim and Objectives 1.4 Research Questions 1.5 Research Hypotheses 1.6 Significance of the Study 1.7 Limitation of the Study 1.8 Scope of the Study 1.9 Outline of Chapters 1.10 Operationalization 1.11 Defini ... Continue reading---
CHAPTER ONE - [ Total Page(s): 4 ]Taxation can help small business to get a high profit target bearing in mind that they will pay tax from the profits they make. From the above assertion, it is obvious that taxation has some impact on the establishment of small business. In the economy, there are manipulations of taxation rules for the encouragement of small business. This research work is an attempt to Enquirer whether a high incidence of corporate tax will go a long way to reducing the number of small business establishments w ... Continue reading---
CHAPTER THREE - [ Total Page(s): 3 ]Hence, the sample size for this study is 109 3.7.2 SAMPLING TECHNIQUES According to Abosede (2010) sampling techniques are approaches used in selecting samples from a study population. Given the large scale of SMEs in Abeokuta metropolis, the judgmental sampling procedure and non-random sampling technique will be used because it will not guarantee randomness, that is, elements of the population do not have the opportunity of being given an equal chance of selection. 3.7.3 SAMPLE FRAMEThe rese ... Continue reading---
CHAPTER FOUR - [ Total Page(s): 14 ]The F-Test (ANOVA)This is used to test the overall statically significant of the variables. It is meant to test the overall significance of the entire model as regards the dependent variable. It checks the joint variance of the explanatory variables. The level of significance to be used is 5%. Hence, if the probability is ≤ 0.05, the explanatory variables’ parameter estimates will be jointly statistically significant.The correlation between productivity and progressive tax is 0.71 w ... Continue reading---
CHAPTER FIVE - [ Total Page(s): 2 ]CHAPTER FIVESUMMARY, CONCLUSION AND RECCOMENDATIONS5.0 Introduction This chapter of this research work gives an overview of the entire research work. It starts with the summary of the work from the first chapter to the last chapter. The findings were looked at from the theoretical and the empirical point of view, conclusions were also made on all the content and contexts already discussed, after which recommendations were proffered as a means of setting benchmark and target for f ... Continue reading---
REFRENCES - [ Total Page(s): 2 ]REFRENCES• Aderemi, A. (2003). Small and Medium Scale Enterprises: The Nigerian Situation. [Power Point Slides] Capital Partners Limited. Retrieved from www.capitalpartnersltd.com/Small%20Medium%20Scale.ppt• Ariyo, D. (2005): Small Firms are the Backbone of the Nigerian Economy. Retrieved October 22nd, 2010, from http://www.africaeconomicanalysis.org/articles/gen/smallhtm.html.• Aryeetey, E. & Ahene, A. (2004): Changing Regulatory Environment for Small-Medium ... Continue reading---
