Availability And Utilization Of Computers In Teaching And Learning Of Business Studies
[A CASE STUDY OF SOME SELECTED SECONDARY SCHOOLS IN KAJOLA LOCAL GOVERNMENT, OYO STATE]

CHAPTER TWO
REVIEW OF RELATED LITERATURE
    This chapter discussed the survey of available literature related to the study from contribution of various scholars based on the following theories:
-    Historical background of computers in schools.
-    Availability and accessibility of computers to teachers and learners of Business Studies in Schools.
-    Utilization of computers by teachers and learners of Business Studies in Schools.
-    Business Studies teachers and learners attitude towards the use of computers in schools.
-    The general benefits of using computers in teaching and learning.
-    The challenges experienced in the use of computers in teaching and learning.
-    Appraisal of literature reviewed.
Historical Background of Computers in Schools
    Computers of the 1950s and 1960s, featuring a mainframe host configuration, were not widely accepted in schools because it was difficult and expensive to house the huge machines in schools or share them with Universities (Hermes, 2008). However, according to Dockterman (2008) in 1965, mainframes and minicomputer were placed in some schools in the United State of America (USA), but mostly for administrators. Crooks (1994) notes that computers were often used in the 1960s for computers were often used in the 1960s for computer – assisted instruction in American schools.
    Reid & Rushton (2005) observed that computer was limited to developing computer literacy in secondary schools in computer labs usually by one teacher. They noted that most of the teachers did not know how to use the computers and students did not use them in other subjects.
    Since early 1980s, statistics showed that computer useage in schools has grown remarkably and has been encouraged in all subjects indiscriminately (Hermos, 2008).
    Many schools, in Kajola Local Government Area of Oyo State have computers that are used for various purposes. The researcher sought to find out whether these computers are accessible and utilized by teachers and learners for instructional purposes specifically in Business Studies.
Availability of Computers to Teachers And Learners of Business Studies in Schools
    Availability and use of computers to teachers and learners in Schools will determine the role that computers play in the classroom. Murdock & Desberg (2004) already saw that students could use computers to help them break out of the walls of the classroom to share and have access to all the wonderful information and experience that is now possible. Although, Crooks (2004) realizes that what gests learned from such a multifaced innovation (the computer) is not easy to evaluate. Candau, Hannafin, Doherty, Judge, Kuni & Yost (2003) agrees that access to computers can ignite student’s thoughts and eventually move them towards a better learning experience. It is significant to verify in this study whether  conclusions such as these hold in the Nigerian context. Accessibility of computers should enhance the use of computers as students and teachers alike consequently employ them more often.
    Willoughby & Wood (2008) argue that the past many decades have produced rapid advances in computer technology and increased access to computers in both developed and developing nations and global statistics show that schools around the world are becoming increasingly well equipped with computer hardware.