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Modification Of Surface, Physical And Chemical Properties Of Activated Carbons For Water Purification
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CHAPTER ONE
INTRODUCTION
1.1 ORIGIN AND NATURE OF ACTIVATED CARBON
Carbon is the fifteenth most abundant element in the earth’s crust and the fourth most abundant element in the universe by mass after hydrogen, helium and oxygen. Scientists, industries, and consumers use different forms of carbon and carbon containing compounds in many ways such as activated carbon or carbon in its active form which can be used to purify water, among others.
Activated carbon is a form of carbon that has been produced to make it extremely porous and thus have a very large surface area available for adsorption or chemical reactions.
It can be defined as a microcrystalline non-graphitic amorphous form of carbon which has been processed to develop a high internal porosity due to its network of inter-connecting pores.
The history of activated carbon is dated since the fifteenth century, during the time of Columbus when sailors used to blacken the inside of wooden water barrels with fire, since they observed that the water would stay fresh much longer. It is likely that people at that time proceeded by intuition only without having any insight into the mechanism of the effect. The mechanism was recognized beginning from the eighteenth century.
In 1862, Lipscombe prepared a carbon material for purifying portable water. This development paved the way for the commercial application of activated carbon first for portable water and then in waste water sector.
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ABSRACT - [ Total Page(s): 1 ]The purpose of this work was to study the effect of chemical surface properties of activated carbons for their use in water purification. To achieve this objective, activated carbon in both granular and powdered forms namely: as received and devolatilized carbons were prepared. Proximate analysis of the carbon materials was performed. Mass titration experiments were carried out to determine the point of zero charge of the activated carbon materials. Again, using an ultraviolet spectrophotometer, ... Continue reading---
