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The Kinetic Study On Hydrolysis Of Cellulose (saw-dust)
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Cellulose forms very tightly packed crystallites, these crystals are
sometimes so tight that neither water nor enzymes can penetrate them;
cellulose consists of two cellulose molecules; Crystalline and amorphous
cellulose. The crystalline cellulose is insoluble because of the
inability of water to penetrate cellulose, On the other hand amorphous
cellulose allows the penetration of endogluconase, another subgroup of
cellulose that catalyze the hydrolysis of internal bonds. The natural
consequences of this difference in the crystalline structure is that the
hydrolysis rate is much faster for amorphous cellulose than crystalline
cellulose.
Some cellulose comes from the hairs (trichomes) on seeds,
example: cotton, kapo and milk weed. A commercial bacterial cellulose
product (cellulon) was introduced by Weyerhaeuser(22) for use in foods,
the product is called primacel and is available from Nutrasweet kelco.
Recently, cellulose from sugar belt pulp and from citrus pulp has
aroused interest for use as a fat substitute.
1.3 HYDROLYSIS
Hydrolysis
of cellulose is the process of breaking the glucosidic bonds that holds
the glucose basic units together to form a large cellulose molecule, it
is a term used to describe the overall process where cellulose is
converted into various sweeteners. Hydrolysis is a chemical reaction
during which one or more water molecules are split into hydrogen and
hydroxide ions, which may go to participate in further reactions.
1.4 SUGAR
Sugars
(also called saccharides) are compounds containing an aldehyde or
ketone group and two or more hydroxyl groups. Sugar can also a sweet
crystalline substance obtained from sugar-cane and sugar beet. It
includes sucrose, glucose and fructose.
1.5 STATEMENT OF THE PROBLEM
The
clamour for the diversification of Nigerian economy through low quality
products has motivated researchers to explore the numerous domestic,
industrial and economic importance of one Nigeria`s major product
(cellulose) which forms the bedrock of this project.
Sugar is a
commodity of high demand for both domestic and industrial applications
on daily basis in homes, small and medium scale industries e.t.c. this
is why Nigeria government spends huge sums of money on importation of
sugar and sugar products to meet the demand of citizens. Among the many
processes of sugar production, is acid hydrolysis of (cellulose) has
proved to be a process which encourages the production of high quality
with minimum skill and materials. This work is therefore an effort to
encourage industrialists, researchers, and students to carry out more
intensive studies on production of sugar from cellulose for production
of sugar and enhanced economic resources for the nation.
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ABSRACT - [ Total Page(s): 1 ]This research project studied on the kinetics of hydrolysis of cellulose to glucose. The steps employed to achieve this project involved extraction of cellulose from sawdust and subsequently, hydrolysis of starch to simple sugar. This was followed by glucose analysis. Different experiments were conducted during acid hydrolysis to study the various acids on the hydrolysis of cellulose to glucose. The saw-dust was extracted from the wood by grinding using saw. The process used in the hydrolysis wa ... Continue reading---
