The Suitable Industrial Application Of Kaolin
[KPANKOROGI AND IJERO EKITI]

3.3.2 BULK DENSITY DETERMINATION
Density can be defined as the mass of the soil divided by its volume. Bulk density is the ratio of the weight of representative wet sample to the volume of the mould containing it, so it is dependent on the amount of minerals and water present. It is expressed mathematically as follow as; v=W/v
Where V = bulk density
W=weight of representative wet sample
V= volume of mould
PROCEDURE
A cylinder of known volume and open at both ends is hammer into the kaolin horizon completely. This is done to get the in situ sample of sample A and Sample B. Then, remove the cylinder from the pit and take it to the laboratory where it is weighted.
The weight of the sample is then deducted from the weight of the cylinder and the clay and then divide the resultant value with the volume of the cylinder.
APPARATUS
Cylinder weighting balance, Dry Pan and Hammer.
3.3.3 SPECIFIC GRAVITY DETERMINATION
Specific gravity of kaolin is taken to be the mass of a given volume of materials to the mass of an equal volume of water. It indicates the average value of clay grains.
Alternatively, specific gravity of clay may define as the ratio of the unit mass of solid (mass of solid divided by volume of solids) in the clay to unit mass of water at 4oc.
Gs= Ms/V
Pw
Where Ms =mass of solid (g)
Vs=volume of solid (cm3)
Pw= unit mass of water (1g/cm3)
To compute the void ratio of the kaolin sample the specific gravity is very important. It is also used in conjunctions with bulk density to known the weight of the soil and also in hydrometer analysis.
In the laboratory, specific gravity can be obtains   as follows.
PROCEDURE
The density bottle (including its stopper) was first properly dry to remove any water from it then weighted clay sample was added, this give (W2).
Next water is added to the sample in the bottle, up to 2/3 of is volume, then sake bottle vigorously to expel air from the sample then fill the bottle with water and allow the stopper to displace excess water this gives (W3). The mixture of clay plus water after weighting was poured away, the bottle was well rinsed and filled with ordinary water and find and weighted to give (w1). This is show bellow:
Gr = (W2-W1)
(W4-W1)-(W2-W1)
W1 = weight of empty density bottle
W2 =weight of bottle of clay
W3 = weight of bottle + clay sample +water
3.3.4 GRAIN SIZE ANALYSES
Grain size of clay refers to the diameter of the clay particles making up the soil mass. Grain size analysis therefore is an attempt to determine the particle size of the clay, which is expressed as the percentage of the different size fractions present, and the relative proportion are also considered.
Base on the grain size classification and the identification different types of clay can be achieve and depending on the grain sizes the potential of individual soil sample is known and are appropriately utilized for engineering purposes.
There are basically two types of analyses involve in grain size analyses. These are the mechanical method i.e. sieve method and the hydrometer methods.