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The Effect Of Partial Replacement Of Conventional Fine Aggregate (sand) With Lateritic Soil In The Production Of Sandcrete Bricks
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Aim: To measure the specific gravity of partially dry soil samples.
Method: Dry density (for fine grained soils only).
Apparatus: Density bottle, measuring instrument, wash bottle, soil samples, and water.
Materials: (i) fine grained soil
(ii) Dc-aired distilled water
Procedures: The provided density bottles are dried and weighed in the oven to ensure that the bottle has been dried to a constant weight. Empty bottle was also weighed and recorded as W2. A certain amount of soil sample was weighed and this sample was used to fill the density bottle to about one third of its volume. The dry sample in the bottle was weighed and recorded as W2. Water was later added to this sample and it was shaked properly to remove the bubbles of air, in which the bottle was topped up and the lid put in place. The bottle of the soil sample plus water was weighed and recorded as W3.bottle plus water was weighed and recorded as W4.
3.5 ATTERBERG CONSISTENCY LIMITS
Atterberg, a Swedish agricultural scientist 1911, proposed Atlerberg consistency limits; cohesion limits, sticky limits, shrinkage I irnits, plastic and liquid limits constitute this limits. But shrinkage, plastic and liquid limits are the most common one (Bowles, 1978) cohesion and adhesion between the soil particles at different water kvel reveal different limits.
3.5.1 Liquid Limit Determination
Liquid limit is the moisture content above which the soil becomes viscous fluid and below which it behaves as a plastic material.
Aim: To determine the liquid limit of the soil sample.
Apparatus: Liquid limit apparatus and its groove, spatula, specimen cans, water, trough, glass plate, reagents such as fine grained soil sample and distilled water.
Procedure: For this experiment, fine grained soil samples were used. These soil samples were poured on a flat plain glasses and the top was opened for water accommodation. Distilled water was added and was thoroughly mixed to produce a consistency that will require 40-50 blows to effect closure. Some portion of the mixtures was placed in the apparatus cap, squeezed down and spread in the cap. After which, the grooving tools was drawn through the sample along the symmetrical axis of the cup. The crank of the apparatus was turned at a rate of about 2 revolution per second and the number of blows necessary to effect closure for a distance of 1 2.7mm counted and was recorded. Further more, a little portion of the soil sample in the cup was taken from the top and bottom put in a numbered can, the soil samples were weighed and it was placed in an oven for a moisture content determination after 24 hours.
3.5.2 Plastic Limits Determination
Plastic limits of a soil sample is the water content expressed as percentage of the mass of oven dried, at the boundary between the elastic and semi solid states. The water content at this boundary is the theoretically defined as the lowest water content at which the soil can be rolled into threads of about 3mm diameters without the thread breaking into pieces.
Aim: To determine the plastic limit of a soil sample.
Apparatus: Spatula, glass plate, specimen cans, sieve, water trough, reagents such as fine grained soil sample and distilled water.
Procedure
The fine grained soil sample that passed through the sieve number 425mm was thoroughly mixed with water until it became plastic enough to be shaped into a ball. Some portion of the mixture was taken and rolled on the glass until it was about 3.2mm in diameter. This was repeated until the 3.2mm diameter thread was about to crumble. The crumb was gathered and a little portion was taken for moisture content determination. This was also repeated to obtain four sets of reading.
3.5.3 Shrinkage Limit Determination
This is the water content below which no further soil volume reduction (or shrinkage) occurs. The shrinkage of how much change in moisture can occur before any appreciable volume changes occur and also, if volume does occur, an indication of the amount of change, the smaller the shrinkage limit, the more susceptible a soil is to volume change. The less is required to cause the soil to change in volume (Bowles, 1979).
Aim: To determine the linear shrinkage of a soil sample.
Apparatus: Weighing balance, linear shrinkage trough, two palate knives, functional oven, flat glass and plate.
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ABSRACT - [ Total Page(s): 1 ]ABSTRACT WILL BE HERE SOON ... Continue reading---
CHAPTER ONE - [ Total Page(s): 2 ]CHAPTER ONE1.0 Introduction Lateritic soils are formed in hot, wet tropical regions with an annual rainfall between 750 to 300mm, (usually in areas with a significant dry season) on a variety of different types of rock with high iron content. The location on the earth, that characterize these conditions fall between latitude 35oS and 35oN (Person, 1970).Laterisation is the removal of silicon through hydrolysis and oxidation that result in the formation of laterite and lateritic soil ... Continue reading---
CHAPTER TWO - [ Total Page(s): 9 ]CHAPTER TWO2.0 Literature ReviewLaterite is often used to describe the clinkered siliconized clay material. According to Amu et.al. (2011), it could be described as materials with no reasonable constants properties while Villain Cocinaet et.al. (2003), described it as a red friable clay surface, a very hard homogenous vesicular massive clinker-like material with a framework of red hydrated ferric oxides of vesicular infill of soft aluminum oxides of yellowish color. Villain Cocinaet et.al ... Continue reading---
CHAPTER FOUR - [ Total Page(s): 15 ]PERCENTAGE OF STABILIZER ... Continue reading---
CHAPTER FIVE - [ Total Page(s): 1 ]CHAPTER FIVE5.0 CONCLUSIONS, REFERENCE AND RECOMMENDATION. 5.1 Conclusion. Tests
have been conducted to evaluate the suitability of lateritic soils
along Asa dam area Ilorin kwara state and its effect on the strength of
sandcrete bricks when used to replace the conventional fine aggregate,
the following conclusions can be drawn from the analysis of the results:
I. The use of lateritic fine as a partial replacement has a significant influence on the engineering pro ... Continue reading---
REFRENCES - [ Total Page(s): 3 ]REFERENCESAdam, E. A. (2001): Compressed Stabilised earth block manufactured in sudan, A. Publication for UNESCO (online) Available from http://unesdoc.unesco.org.Adepegba, D.A. (1975). “Comparative Study of Normal Concrete which contains Laterite Fines instead of Sand†Building Science; 10:135-41.Agbede, I.O. and Manasseh, V. (2008): use of cement sand admixture in lateritic brick production for low cost housing Leonardo electric Journal of practices and technology, 12, pp163-174.Ak ... Continue reading---
