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Investigation Of Anaerobic Processes In Septic Tank As A Wastewater Treatment Option
CHAPTER ONE -- [Total Page(s) 2]
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CHAPTER ONE
INTRODUCTION
1.1 Background of the Study
Human waste
or more technically referred to as ‘excreta’ is defined by Chamber’s
Concise 20th Century Dictionary as “useless matter discharged by animal
alimentaryâ€, animals being humans in this context. Excreta is made up of
a solid matter, feces, and a liquid matter, urine and is essentially an
organic compound. The constituents making up the compound are carbon,
nitrogen, phosphorous, sulphur and hydrogen. Also present are fats,
carbohydrates, enzymes, proteins, trace elements, pathogens and many
different bacteria.
Sewage is a type of wastewater that comprises
domestic wastewater and is therefore contaminated with feces or urine
from people's toilets, but the word sewage is also used to mean any type
of waste water.Sewage is the physical infrastructure, including pipes,
pumps, and screens, channels etc. used to convey sewage from its origin
to the point of eventual treatment or disposal. Wastewater can come from
(indicates likely inclusions or contaminants)
· Human
waste (feces, used toilet paper, urine or other bodily fluids) also
known as black water usually from lavatories.
• Cesspit leakage
• Septic tank discharge
• Sewage treatment plant discharge
• Wasting water (personal, clothes, floors, dishes etc) also known as greywater or sludge.
•
The home Rainfall collected on roofs, yards, hard-sandugsetc
(generally clean with traces of oils and fuel).
• A Groundwater infiltrated into sewage.
• Industrial waste.
• Toxic waste (metal plating, cyanide production, pesticide manufacturing; etc)
The composition of wastewater varies widely. This is a partial list of what it may contain.
· Water (more than 95 percent), which is often added during flushing to carry waste down a drain
· Pathogens such as bacteria, viruses, proteins and parasitic worms.
· Non pathogenic bacteria.
· Organic particles such as feces, hairs, food, vomit, paper, fibers, plant materials, humans etc,
· Inorganic particles such as sand, grit, metal particles, ceramics, etc.
· Gases such as hydrogen sulfide, carbon dioxide, methane etc.
· Pharmaceuticals and hormones
1.1.2 Waste Water Quality Indicators
Anti-oxidizable
material present in a natural waterway or in an industrial wastewater
will be oxidized both by biochemical (bacterial) or chemical processes.
The result is that the oxygen content of the water will be decreased.
Basically, the reaction for biochemical oxidation may be written as.
Oxidizable material + bacteria +nutrient + O CO2 +H20 +
Oxidized inorganic such as NO3 or SO2.
Oxygen consumption by reducing chemicals such as sulfides and nitrites is typified as follows:
S2 + 202 SO42-
NO2- + I/202 NO3-
CHAPTER ONE -- [Total Page(s) 2]
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ABSRACT - [ Total Page(s): 1 ]This project, aimed at investigating the anaerobic processes in septic tank as a waste water treatment option using waste water from septic tank and Soakaway as sample A and B respectively. It was observed that after the analysis, sample A (septic tank which has fresh waste water) has higher value in conductivity =1708us/ cm3, Total slid = 17490mg/l, Dissolved solid (16420mg/l), COD = (106mg/l), DO = (0.6883mg/l) and BOD = (106.6883mg/l) compared to sample B (Soakaway which contains waste wate ... Continue reading---
