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The Comparative Analysis Of The Strength Of Concrete Made From Various Aggregate
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RANKING THEORY
Ranking theory deals with pressure within a soil mass under the following condition (ie assumptions)
i. The wall is vertical
ii. The retaining wall face is smooth
iii. The wall yield above the base and satisfies the condition of plastic equilibrium
iv. It is isotropic
Ranking theory applies when the soil mass is in so called rankling sate.
When
a soil mass is allowed to explain (active earth pressure) or contract
(passive earth pressure rapture surface will form within the mass. if
not interrupted by the back of the retaining wall or other strictures,
the mature surface will be aeries of straight lines making an angle 1
with the horizontal.
Active earth pressure i = 45 + Ø/2
Passive earth pressure i = 45 – Ø /2
When the state above exists, the soil is said to be in the Rankin state and the Rankin theory is applicable.
Where pa and pp = unit active and passive earth pressure respectively, at a depth Z
q= vertical pressure or load due to the weight of the soil above Z
C = cohesion strength of the soil
Ka and kp – coefficient of active and passive earth pressure respectively
Ka = 1-sin Ø, kp =1+ sine Ø :.
1x sinØ 1 sinØ
According
to ranking theory, earth pressure increase linearly with the depth of
the same manner as the lateral pressure exerted by a fluid. For the
reason engineers often refer earth pressure as equivalent fluid
pressure.
For a cohesion less soil
Pa =1/2 ka rH2 and Pp = ½ rH2
When the back of the wall is inclined
Ka = cos B CosB-√CosB – Cos Ø2
CosB_√CosB - Cos Ø2
Ka = 1/kp
(Ref
Civil Engineering and Engineering machines series by (ref Civil
Engineering and Engineering machines series b Newmark & W.J. Hall)
CHAPTER ONE -- [Total Page(s) 3]
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ABSRACT - [ Total Page(s): 1 ]The work has gone a long way in determining strength of concrete made of various aggregates such as granites stone, black gravel, washed gravel and surface gravel.Some factors such as porosity of the aggregate temperature coursing lose of water plate form for mixing of concrete mix affect the workability and eventually the strength of concrete.This project work consist of using hydraulic machine to carryout the compressive test of the strength of concrete made of the earlier mentioned aggregat ... Continue reading---
