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The Effect Of Admixtures On Properties Of Co`ncrete
[CASE STUDIES OF SUGAR, COW BONE ASH, GROUDNUT SHELL ASH, AND LIME STONE POWDER]
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CHAPTER THREE
3.0 PROJECT METHODOLOGY
For successful accomplishment of the aims and objectives of this project the following methods are applied.
i. Market survey for the most commonly used cement was carried out and it was found that elephant and dangote cement are the most commonly used in the locality due to their availability in the market all time.
ii. Text books, internet and some experienced practicing engineer are consulted in order to obtain relevant and detailed information on the subject matter of this project.
iii. Selection of the used agent is done and this is based on their safety in handling and the result it’s going to give.
iv. Sieve analysis test is conducted in accordance with B.S 882 or B.S 1021 of 1972 to confirm the presence of the desire aggregate sizes.
v. Preparation of concrete and casting of the cubes. Concrete sample are mixed in the ratio 1:2:4 first without admixture and later with admixture.
The proportion of admixture used varied by 5% interval(5,10 and 15% respectively).
Three cubes are casted for every percentage change in the proportion of admixture for each of the agent used.
Slump test is done to determine the workability and consistency of concrete mix in accordance with British Standards Institution.The compressive strength of concrete cubes can be obtained from the mathematical expression.
Compressive strength = failure load
Area of the cubes (N/mm^2)
The construction materials required for the execution of the project are:
i. Ordinary Portland Cement (OPC)
ii. Fine aggregate (sharp sand)
iii. Coarse aggregate (granite)
iv. Admixtures
v. Water
vi. Metal mould (150x150x150)mm
vii. Engine oil
The following equipment was used during concrete production
- Head pan
- Hand tow
3.1 PROCUREMENT OF MATERIAL
Groundnut shell was sourced from Oja-Oba, Ilorin West Local Government Area, cow bone ash was sourced along Sobi road, Akerebiata Area, Ilorin East Local Government Area, Kwara State, Nigeria.
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ABSRACT - [ Total Page(s): 1 ]ABSTRACT The project titled “The effect of admixtures on properties of concrete: case study of sugar, cow bone ash, groundnut shell ash, and lime stone powder†was carried out with the aim of knowing the effect the of the various types of admixtures used on the properties of concrete, in term of the workability of concrete, durability of concrete and the concrete strength. The material used are cow bone ash, groundnut shell ash, sugar and lime stone powder. The cow bone was sou ... Continue reading---
LIST OF TABLES - [ Total Page(s): 1 ]LIST OF TABLESTable 4.1: Data Analysis for Fine Aggregates (Sand) Table 4.2: Data Analysis for Coarse Aggregate (Granite) Table 4.3: Slump Test Result for GSA Concrete Table 4.4: Slump Test Result for CBA Concrete Table 4.5: Slump Test Result for Sugar Concrete Table 4.6: Slump Test Result for LP Concrete Table 4.7: Summary of Slump Test Result for Various Concrete Admixtures Table 4.8: Compressive Strength Test Result of Normal Concrete Table 4.9: Compressive Strength Test ... Continue reading---
LIST OF PLATES - [ Total Page(s): 1 ]LIST OF PLATESPlate 3.1: Groundnut Shell and Cow Bone Plate 3.2: Burning of Groundnut Shell and Cow Bone Plate 3.3: Cow bone ash, Groundnut shell ash, Limestone powder and Sugar. Plate 3.4: Batching of Concrete Plate 3.5: Type of Slump Plate 36: Cube Production Plate 3.7: Curing of Cubes Plate 3.8: Crushing Machine ... Continue reading---
LIST OF FIGURES - [ Total Page(s): 1 ]LIST OF FIGURESFigure 4.1: The graph of sieve analysis for Fine Aggregate (Sand) Figure 4.2: The graph of sieve analysis for Coarse Aggregate (Granite). Figure 4.3: The graph of slump test result for GSA Concrete Figure 4.4: The graph of slump test result for CBA Concrete Figure 4.5: The graph of slump test result for SUGAR Concrete Figure 4.6: The graph of slump test result for LP Concrete Figure 4.7: The graph for summary of slump test result for various Concrete AdmixturesFigure 4.8: Th ... Continue reading---
TABLE OF CONTENTS - [ Total Page(s): 1 ]TABLE OF CONTENTSTitle Page Declaration Certification Dedication Acknowledgement Abstract Table of Contents List of Tables List of Figures List of Plates CHAPTER ONE 1.0 Introduction 1.1 Statement of the Problem 1.2 Aims and Objectives of the Study 1.3 Justification of the Study 1.4 Scope of the Study CHAPTER TWO 2.0 literature Review 2.1 Concrete ... Continue reading---
CHAPTER ONE - [ Total Page(s): 2 ]CHAPTER ONE1.0. INTRODUCTION The importance of understanding various types of materials used in Civil Engineering is widely recognized. There has been tremendous increase in the latest research and practical achievement to improve on concrete technology. Free exchange for technical know ... Continue reading---
CHAPTER TWO - [ Total Page(s): 6 ]While inorganic retardants include; oxide of lead and zinc, phosphates, magnesium salt fluorides, soluble zinc, soluble borates etc.3. Air-entrainers: These are probably the most important group of admixtures. They improve durability of concrete; in particular, it’s resistance effect of frost and de-icing salts. The entrainment of air in the form of very small and stable bubbles can be achieved by using framing agents based on natural wood resins, animal or vegetable fat an ... Continue reading---
CHAPTER FOUR - [ Total Page(s): 16 ]D10 = 1.686μmm = 0.169mmD30 = 273.6μmm = 0.274mmD60 = 503.75μmm =0.504mmi. The effective grain size; i.e. D10 = 0.169mmii. Uniformity coefficient, Cu = = = 2.98iii. Coefficient of curvature, Cc = = = = 0.88D10 = 7.6mmD30 = 12.8mm D60 = 15.2mmi. The effective grain size; i.e. D10 = 7.6mm ii. Uniformity coefficient, Cu = = = 2.0iii. Coefficient of curvature, Cc = = = =1.42 ... Continue reading---
CHAPTER FIVE - [ Total Page(s): 1 ]CHAPTER FIVE5.0 CONCLUSION Based on the results of this investigation, the following conclusion is drawn; Admixtures affect properties of concrete like its slump value, density, compressive strength, etc. Admixtures generally decrease the slump value of concrete which in turns decrease the workability of the concrete, since normal concrete(0% concrete) has a slump value of between 55-60mm while concrete with admixture has slump value lesser ... Continue reading---
REFRENCES - [ Total Page(s): 1 ]REFERENCEAkogu Elijah Abalaka (2011): ‘Effects of Sugar on Physical Properties of Ordinary Portland Cement Paste and Concrete.Albadan B.A, M.A Olutoye, M.S Abolarin & M. Zakariya (2005): ‘Partial Replacement of Ordinary Portland Cement (OPC)with Bambara Groundnut Shell Ash (BGSA) in Concrete. Leonard Electronic Journal of Practices and Technologies. Issues 6, pp. 43 – 48, January – June 2005. Aribisala, O.J & Bamisaye, A.J (2006): ‘Via ... Continue reading---
