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Improving Septic Tank Performance By A New Rational Design Approach
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This study was aimed at developing a rational approach to septic tank design in order to reduce health risks associated with improperly treated effluent especially in developing countries. To this end, several research tools including questionnaires, pilot scale study and model formulation were employed. Questionnaires were used to conduct a preliminary study with a view to ascertaining people‟s perception with regard to septic tank design, use and maintenance. This preliminary study revealed that the septic tank is a poorly designed and grossly overlooked but indispensable waste management facility. Pilot scale studies were conducted to monitor physicochemical and microbial parameters. A sludge accumulation model was formulated from first principles by applying material balance to a model septic tank. The model was calibrated using data from three different septic tank audits spanning 3 years, 5 years and 8 years respectively and involving over 1000 septic tanks. A correlation coefficient of R = 0.98 was obtained between measured and calculated sludge accumulation data. The sludge accumulation model showed that sludge does not accumulate at a constant rate as is usually assumed but rather at a reduced rate over time. The sludge accumulation model was compared with two existing but purely empirical models namely: Weibel‟s model derived in 1955 for the US Public Health Service and Bound‟s (1995) model. Finally a rational approach to septic tank design was developed. Design charts and a Microsoft Excel based design programme were produced to aid the unlearned designer and the computer literate designer respectively.
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CHAPTER ONE - [ Total Page(s): 1 ]CHAPTER ONE INTRODUCTIONThe septic tank system is the most widely used onsite
treatment system for domestic wastewater. In fact, most developing
countries (Nigeria inclusive) lack the technology and economic power to
construct and operate sewerage systems for conveyance of domestic
wastewater to central sewage treatment facilities, so a greater
population rely on the septic tank system for sewage treatment. It is an
enclosed receptacle designed to collect wastewater, segregate
sett ... Continue reading---
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CHAPTER ONE - [ Total Page(s): 1 ]CHAPTER ONE INTRODUCTIONThe septic tank system is the most widely used onsite
treatment system for domestic wastewater. In fact, most developing
countries (Nigeria inclusive) lack the technology and economic power to
construct and operate sewerage systems for conveyance of domestic
wastewater to central sewage treatment facilities, so a greater
population rely on the septic tank system for sewage treatment. It is an
enclosed receptacle designed to collect wastewater, segregate
sett ... Continue reading---
ABSRACT -- [Total Page(s) 1]
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ABSRACT -- [Total Page(s) 1]
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