Design And Production Of Ceiling Board Using Plaster Of Paris (pop) Gypsum Material

2.3    MODERN USED OF GYPSUM IN CONSTRUCTION
The modern use of Gypsum as a building material was discovered in  1888 when the American Augustine Sackett invented a machine for producing plasterboards (also known as wallboards and dry walls) composed of several layers of paper with Gypsum in-between.
The first plasterboard plant was built in the USA in 1901. In 1908, the plasterboard technique was improved by the American Stephen Kelly who patented plasterboard with a Gypsum core and one layer of paper on the front and back side. The modern plasterboard was born.
Since then plasterboard technologies have developed to include new properties (acoustic and fire resistance) maintaining, however, the basic technique invented by Stephen Kelly.
In Europe, the first plasterboard plant was built in Liverpool in 1917 and the second one in London in 1926. In continental Europe, the first factory was completed in Riga in 1938.
Nowadays, the manufacturing of plasterboards is increasing worldwide in Eastern and Western Europe, there are currently more than 200 factories producing plasterboards.
2.4    GYPSUM CREDENTIAL
Gypsum is virtually indispensable for the interiors of homes and offices, and indeed all types of building where people congregate such as schools, shops, airports, etc. Its superior performance in providing everyday comfort, in fire resistance, thermal and sound in insulation, heralds an ever greater role for it in buildings of the future. In fact, the safety and protection of people and property against fire, and the effective thermal and acoustic insulation of buildings depends, more often than not, on the unique properties of Gypsum. And many of the attractive features of modern interiors would be impossible without the versatility of Gypsum as a building material (Luksy et al., 2011).
2.5    GYPSUM PRODUCT AND ITS UNIQUE PROPERTIES
2.5.1    FIRE RESISTANCE
Due to the natural composition of Gypsum, gypsum plasterboards are inherently fire resistant. It offers a high qualitative solution to prevent the spread of fire in buildings and effectively protect the householder from fire.
The chemical formulation of Gypsum is CaSO4,2H2O – Calcium Sulphate Dihydrate. In nature, Gypsum occurs in the form of crystals.
Thanks to the presence of water in Gypsum (H2O), one square meter of plasterboard of 15 mm thickness contains around 3 litres crystal water through the action of fire, the crystal water evaporates and a protective layer of Gypsum is formed. Behind this layer, the material under fire attack remains at constant temperature around 100oC as long as water is released from the Gypsum, impeding the spread of a fire to other parts of the building.
The inclusion of  fibres in Gypsum boards enhances their fire protection performance by maintaining the integrity of the board in afire. So Gypsum is a powerful fire retardant element in the construction sector due to its non-combustibility and ability to delay for up to 4 hours according to the number of plasterboards in the corresponding system (Kane, 1880).
2.5.2       ACOUSTIC PROPERTIES
All building types need the acoustic performance of their internal spaces to be carefully considered. Unwanted noise from outside the building, from adjacent buildings and from other internal spaces, can have a detrimental effect on the quality of the internal environment.
The Gypsum Industry has a beneficial impact on noise reduction as it produces special acoustic grade plasterboard which offers greater
sound attenuation (between 2 and 4 dB) which can be applied where a
particularly high performance is required (Fred, 1882).