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Analysis And Management Of Road Accident
[A CASE STUDY ILORIN- OMU ARAN ROAD KWARA STATE]
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2.6 Causes of road Accidents
The occurrence of road accidents is not usually attributable to a single cause but to the combination of a number of deficiencies or failures associated with human being, the vehicle and road environmental conditions are also very important in the causes of accidents. In the words of safety experts, accidents don’t just happen or occur, they are caused i.e.
If everyone did all that was required of it, accident would be minimal because other causes will be unconditional causes like failure of brake and so on. Because human being makes mistake. Objects of human mind and the environmental condition are often unfavorable, accidents will continue to occur.
The causes of traffic accident are many but the major ones are human in nature. From researches, some of the direct or indirect causes of traffic accidents in Nigeria are highlighted and stipulated are as follows.
DRIVER FATIGUE: from 1998 to 2001 almost 600 have been killed or injured on the M 180 and M62 motorways and 15-20% of serious and fatal accidents on these major roads have been as a result of driver fatigue. In depth studies of the causes of road accidents have demonstrated that tiredness or sleepiness is a contributory factor in about 10 percent of accidents, and nearly 30 percent on motorways. Phase 1 and 2 of the driver fatigue research explored the extent of the problem using interview and postal questionnaire survey methods, and evaluated experimentally a number of potential remedial measures that drivers can take to avoid sleepiness while driving.
VISION: good vision is a pre-requisite for driving since it accelerates the process of perception reaction to traffic situation. The present driving test requires the drivers to be able to read a motor car plate numbers from a distance not less than 23m. A driver should have good vision, the ability to focus quickly and to see clearly without a blur. The America optometric visual acute for safe driving. Apart from having good visual acute, a driver should also have a good perception very many overtaking accident could be avoided if driver realized that their depth perception capabilities are weak and that they needed to take extra care when overtaking other vehicles.
VEHICLE: can be divided in to vehicle design and vehicle maintenance. Some safety features of vehicles like seatbelts and airbag are likely to reduce the risk of death and serious injuries. A well designed and maintained vehicle is less likely to be involved in accidents. If the brakes and tires are good and the suspension well adjusted, the vehicle is more controllable in an emergency and thus, better equipped to avoid accidents.
ROAD DESIGN AND MAINTENANCE: is also factor that contributes to road accidents. The causes of road traffic accidents are not just human error or driver negligence. Unfortunately, Nigeria highways are arguably one of the worst and most dangerous in the world.
ALCOHOL AND DRUGS: The effect of alcohol is that of a system, affecting first the brain and then the spinal cord. It makes a person’s less sensitive, and deteriorate senses so that driver’s response takes a longer time and poorer. From statistical data by Nigeria Police Force (NPF) bulletins and also from personal interview, it is observed that more ghastly accidents happen during week-ends than any other day of the week. This is attributable to drunkenness which may result in sleeping on the steering. That is why some drivers are involved in head collision after dosing off while driving. Test have shown that one Zip of typical British beer will take from two three hours to disappear from the blood of Nigeria beer will take fifteen hours to know which driver is under alcoholic or drug influence.
SKIDDING: The percentage of accidents involving skidding in as expected, higher on act wet road (during raining) than on the dry season, and it is due to poor construction of the road pavement using very poor bitumen for surfacing.
DRIVING LICENSE: It is doubtful whether driving test of today is suitably comprehensive. Before a person or someone can be given a driving license, he has to start with a learners permit for a period of three to six months before he can do the driving test. This means that one should practice driving for at least six month before he can get a license to drive. In order to reduce accidents, a standard driving test must be ensured before the issuance of license. There is also the need for revision test at regular intervals. This is to ensure that the driver is able to cope with the current road condition.
WEATHER CONDITION: Accident risk arises during the cause of the day. Particularly at might, during wet season when the surface of road or pavement becomes very slippery. Some accidents occur when the driver tries to apply the brake in a corner and sometimes during foggy weather. Accidents due to weather condition can be reduced by traveling at a very low speed when the road is wet. One should avoid traveling at the early morning when dew or fog is formed.
SMOKING: The driver attention is diverts temporary when he attempt to light the cigarette. If he is going at a very high speed, there is a tendency that he may loose control of the steering, been that one is having a cigarette may divert the driver the driver attention when it drops on his leg or any expose parts of the body which could result to loose of control and before regaining consciousness, accident might have occurred.
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ABSRACT - [ Total Page(s): 1 ]ABSTRACTThe major objective of this research is to examine the variation patterns of road traffic accident in Ilorin-Omu- Aran Road, Kwara State. The study used secondary data of Accident records and vehicular situation were obtained from the Nigeria police force (NPF) and Federal Road Safety Commission (FRSC). Chapter one of the projects deals and focused majorly on the general introduction which consist of the definition and meaning of road accident the aim and objectives of why t ... Continue reading---
APPENDIX A - [ Total Page(s): 3 ] ... Continue reading---
TABLE OF CONTENTS - [ Total Page(s): 1 ]TABLE OF CONTENTSTITLE PAGE APPROVAL PAGE CERTIFICATION ACKNOWLEDGEMENT ABSTRACT CHAPTER ONE 1.0 INTRODUCTION 1.1 Aim and objectives of these project 1.3 Significance of project 1.4 Scope of the project CHAPTER TWO2.0 LITERATURE REVIEW2.1 The multiple approaches of highway accidents2.2 Accident Report and Statistics 2.3 A focuses on road layout and road characteristics ... Continue reading---
CHAPTER ONE - [ Total Page(s): 2 ]CHAPTER ONE1.0 INTRODUCTION Road Traffic Accidents are major causes of morbidity and mortality worldwide, especially in low-and middle-income countries. The World Health Organization estimates that more than 3000 people are killed daily in road traffic accidents globally, with at least 30.000 others inured or disabled, This adds up to over 1 million people killed and between 20-50 million injured or crippled in road traffic crashes each year (Krug et al, 2000). The rising trend in morbidit ... Continue reading---
CHAPTER THREE - [ Total Page(s): 5 ]CHAPTER THREEMETHODOLOGY3.0 DATA PRESENTATION AND ANALYSISData for the study were mainly obtained from police accident records and were complemented with data from research reports and articles, and national statistical abstracts, and newspapers. The author reviewed the statistics for the years 1970 to 2001, disaggregated by administrative councils. The records contained information on crash severity (either fatal, serious, or minor), categories of road users affected, vehicles involved, a ... Continue reading---
CHAPTER FOUR - [ Total Page(s): 1 ]CHAPTER FOUR4.0 RESULT AND DISCUSSION From the table 3.0-3.5, the July month has the highest recorded accident of 21.The total number of fatal accident was estimated as 20, while the total serious accident was recorded as 88, then the minor cases was estimated as 16, within the year of 2013. From the estimate, the accident occurrence is zigzag for it increase and decrease not accordingly but in terms of occurrence. With reference to the statistic information gathered bo ... Continue reading---
CHAPTER FIVE - [ Total Page(s): 1 ]CHAPTER FIVE 5.0 CONCLUSION AND RECOMMENDATION5.1 CONCLUSIONFrom the project research work, the recorded accident claims most lives of the passenger compare to the drivers. It can be seen that human, vehicle, environmental and roadways characteristics are salient factors that are responsible for road traffic crashes in South Western Nigeria.It was established that road traffic crashes can be prevented by embarking on various crashes prevention and reduction strategies such as edu ... Continue reading---
REFRENCES - [ Total Page(s): 1 ]REFERENCES1. Nigeria Police Force (NPF) (1970) “Accident Records.†Federal Capital Territory (FCT)2. Onakomaiya S.O (1988) “unsafe at any speed: towards Road Transportation.†For survival inaugural lecture, university of Ilorin.3. Onakomaiya S.O (1990) “Trends in Nigeria Roads Safety and Accident situation†A paper presented at a conference on accident control4. Gbadamosi K.T (1994) “Spatial Analysis of Road Accidents in Nigeria ... Continue reading---
