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The Effect Of Water/cement Ratio On Compressive Strength Of Palm Kernel Shell Concrete At 1:2:4 Nominal Mix
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CHAPTER FOUR
4.0 DISCUSSION OF RESULTS
4.1 Properties of Palm Kernel Shell {PKS}
Results of the study from table 4.1 and figure 4.1 shows that the sieve analysis of PKS and the trend of the percentage cumulative weight retained increases as the sieve sizes decrease. The specific gravity of PKS was found to be 1.37 [Table 4.2] which [Okpala; 1990] classified as light weight aggregate.
The water absorption capacity was found to be 10% [Table 4.3]. This value was considered in the design of mix in other to achieve the appropriate nominal mix to avoid excess use of water in concrete mixes.
The aggregate impact value [Table 4.5] was found to be 5.5% which is much lower compared to that of convectional aggregate with value of 16.78. This shows that PKS have a good absorption to shock. As a result of these, PKS can be classified as a lightweight aggregate.
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APPENDIX A - [ Total Page(s): 2 ] ... Continue reading---
CHAPTER ONE - [ Total Page(s): 3 ]CHAPTER ONE1.0 INTRODUCTION Concrete is a composite engineering material made from the mixtures of cement, water, fine aggregate (sand), coarse aggregates (such as crushed stones or rocks and granite) and a small amount of air in a specific proportion that hardens to a strong bony substance or become ossified. The cement always serves as a binder for the aggregate.The uniqueness quality of concrete makes it desirable as a building material, because it can be moulded into virtually ... Continue reading---
CHAPTER TWO - [ Total Page(s): 4 ]The water to cement ratio, or w/c ratio, largely determines the strength and durability of the concrete when it is cured properly. The w/c ratio refers to the ratio of the weights of water and cement used in the concrete mix. A w/c ratio of 0.4 means that for every 100 lbs of cement used in the concrete, 40 lbs of water is added. For ordinary concrete (sidewalks and driveways), a w/c ratio of 0.6 to 0.7 is considered normal. A lower w/c ratio of 0.4 is generally specified if a higher quality con ... Continue reading---
CHAPTER THREE - [ Total Page(s): 3 ]CHAPTER THREE3.0 METHODOLOGYFor better achievement of this project, the following stages are ensured:ï¶ COLLECTION OF MATERIALS The materials comprises of cement, sand, palm kernel shell and water. Palm kernel shell was obtained from a local palm kernel producing village Oko, Irepodun LGA, Kwara State Nigeria.ï¶ PREPARATION OF PALM KERNEL SHELL (PKS)Due to high water absorption of palm kernel shells, it is mandatory to soak the aggregate for about 30 minutes. It i ... Continue reading---
CHAPTER FIVE - [ Total Page(s): 1 ]CHAPTER FIVE5.0 CONCLUSION AND RECOMMENDATION5.1 CONCLUSIONi. The result of the physical properties obtained show that PKS can be used as partial or complete aggregate substitution for lightweight structural concrete at 1:2:4 nominal mix.ii. The compression strength increases with advancement of age but decreases with increase in water cement ratios. That is, at w/c ratio of 0.3 the compressive strength is 6.5N/mm2 at 28 days while at w/c ratio of 0.5, it is 3.99N/mm2 at ... Continue reading---
REFRENCES - [ Total Page(s): 1 ]REFERENCENeville, A.M. (1996). “Properties of Concreteâ€. Longman Group Limited, London.Okafor, F.O. (1988). “Palm Kernel Shell as Aggregate for Concreteâ€. Cement Concrete Research Vol. 18, No 6, pp. 901-910.Okpala, D.C. (1990). “Palm Kernel Shell as a Lightweight Aggregate in concreteâ€. Building and Environment 25, pp. 291-296Olanipekun, E.A., Oluola, K.O., and Ata, O. (2006). “A comparative Study of Concrete Properties Using Coconut Shell and Palm Ker ... Continue reading---
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