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Determination Of Headway And Average Travel Speed Of Vehicles
[Case study of post office-Kwara State Polytechnic permanent Site Car park Road]
CHAPTER TWO -- [Total Page(s) 15]
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CHAPTER TWO
2.0 LITERATURE REVIEW
2.1 INTRODUCTION
This chapter deals with the literature aspect, of this project deal mostly to the review of work done earlier in such aspects in order to assist in the planning and execution of this project.
2.2 DELAY STUDIES
Delay is the time lost to travel due to traffic frictions and traffic control devices. It is usually express in seconds or second per vehicle delay information is recorded when the traffic flow is stopped or greatly impeded. The duration of traffic is measured units of time long with notation of the corresponding location, cause and frequency of delay to travel. Delay can be determined for travel along a specified route during a particular day of week and time of the day, or as well as at a selected location where major traffic problem exists.
Observations were made in clear weather when seeking to determine delay. Characteristics under adverse condition only. If results are to be comparable for before and after studies, then similar conditions must exist at both time of data collection. The studies must be performed in good weather and under normal condition.
2.3 SPOT SPEED STUDIES
Spot speed studies arc conducted at special location for the following purpose.
(a) To determine speed limits for specific street on highway location
(b) Evaluate traffic improvements
(c) To study accident location
(d) For research or other specific studies\
(e) To evaluate the relationship between Speed and 1hd various factors that influence spot. These factors include the driver, vehicle, roadway, traffic and environment.
In order to obtain an unbiased and precise estimate of the spot speeds at a particular location the following items should be observed.
(a) The equipment should be concealed from the approaching driver
(b) The observer who may need view the approaching vehicle should be considered.
(c) On-lookers should avoided
2.4 TRAFFIC VOLUME STUDIES
These are counts taken to record the number of vehicles unit time passing a point entering an intersection or using a traffic facility such as a traffic lane.
The counting period may range from few minutes to an hour, week or more. Normal traffic volume counts are not supposed to be carried out under adverse condition, such as inclement weather condition (rainfall, storm) a cute fuel shortage, temporary closure of road, transporter strike, strike, festival etc these conditions will affect the normal traffic flow pattern in any area the data traffic volume could he collected basically in three ways.
(i) Manual count
(ii) Automatic count e.g pneumatic counter inclusive loop director, radar director and
(iii) Moving vehicle observer method
The manual count method that will be use in this project
This counting period will be 12 hours i.e 7am to 7pm e traffic volume data may be collective according to the classification this, cars, trucks, bicycle or motorcycle and buses
2.5 TRAFFIC SIGNS
Traffic signs is used in any roadway or intersection location to control movement of vehicles or pedestrians. This requires selective enforcement efforts, special educated activities or other engineering measure to improve compliance.
Traffic sign can be inform at stop sign, no-turn restriction speed reduction signs and parking regulation. Neglect of traffic ns is excessive violation of traffic control may be contributory to traffic problem or where the effectiveness of traffic regulation may be in question.
The traffic signs of an intersection are mainly introduced
(i) a Reduce traffic conflicts and delays
(ii) Reduce accidents
(iii) Improve the quality of traffic flows as compared to police control. Some examples of traffic signs are show below
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ABSRACT - [ Total Page(s): 1 ]ABSTRACTSince it is compulsory that people and goods move from one part of the country to the other or within particular defined regional area, the facilities used for this purpose need to be well planned, designed and constructed. Inadequate and unplanned traffic control constitute a lot of problems resulting in delay, congestion, immobility to uneasy access to transport etc. This project is to determine the headway and average travel speed of vehicles (Case study of post office- Kwara State Po ... Continue reading---
LIST OF TABLES - [ Total Page(s): 1 ]LIST OF TABLESTable Title 3.1 The table below shows the Analysis of Different Travel Time of Vehicles for the Determination of Their Headways.3.2 Vehicle Composition for Both Direction on Monday 1st May, 2017 at Post Office – Maraba Road. 3.3 Vehicle Composition for Both Direction on Monday 2nd May, 2017 at Post Office – Maraba Road.3.4 Vehicle composition for both Directio ... Continue reading---
TABLE OF CONTENTS - [ Total Page(s): 1 ]TABLE OF CONTENTSTitle page Declaration Dedication Acknowledgement Abstract Table of content List of Table CHAPTER ONE 1.0 Introduction 1.1 Statement of the Problem 1.2 Aim of the Project 1.3 Objectives of the Project 1.3 Methodology 1.4 Scope of the Project 1.5 Justification of the Project CHAPTER TWO2.0 Literature Review 2.1 Introduction 2.2 Delay Studies ... Continue reading---
CHAPTER ONE - [ Total Page(s): 2 ]CHAPTER ONE 1.0 INTRODUCTIONThe determination of headway and average travel speed on a road network cannot be over emphasized as concerns the transportation. Headway and average travel speed are among the imperative parameters to be mentioned in the consideration of traffic flow. The efficient evaluation of headway and average travel speed is important for their contribution to the effectiveness of road network functionality therefore adequate management practices are needed.Headway is a m ... Continue reading---
CHAPTER THREE - [ Total Page(s): 9 ]The formular used in the data collected for traffic delay studies is given by.T=Nt/Vwhere;T=Average travel time N=Total density of trafficV=Time volume of vehicle counted. ... Continue reading---
CHAPTER FOUR - [ Total Page(s): 3 ]Average daily traffic volume for afternoon.from the table,the average traffic volume is calculated for afternoon as:- ... Continue reading---
CHAPTER FIVE - [ Total Page(s): 1 ]CHAPTER FIVECONCLUSION AND RECOMMENDATION5.1 CONCLUSION In the analysis of the result, having considered the Headway and Average time taken for vehicle to cover the distance of post office to Kwara state polytechnic permanent site road. It can be infer that the headway between different commercial vehicles traversing the road is steady due to the time interval of parking analyzed in the table. When there is high influx of people e.g students, the headway between two vehicles tends to be mi ... Continue reading---
REFRENCES - [ Total Page(s): 1 ]REFERENCESA.E. Radwan, S. Kalevela Investigation of the effect of change invehicular characteristics on highway capacity and level of service, Transportation research record, transportation research board, vol. 1005, National Research Council, Washington (DC) (1985) P. 65–71Adeoti, K.A. (2012): Lecturer note on Traffic Engineering, Department of Civil Engineering. Kwara State Polytechnic, Ilorin.D.L. Harkey, H.D. Robertson, S.E. Davis Assessment of current speed zoning criteria, Transport ... Continue reading---
