Determination Of Headway And Average Travel Speed Of Vehicles
[Case study of post office-Kwara State Polytechnic permanent Site Car park Road]

Engineering Measures
(a)     Road design: The geometric design features of the road such as sight distances, width of pavement, horizontal and vertical alignment design details and intersection design elements- are checked and corrected if necessary. The pavement surface characteristics including the skid resistance values are checked and suitable maintenance steps taken to bring them upto the design standards. Where necessary by-passes may be constructed to separate through traffic from local traffic. To minimise delay and conflicts at the intersections, it may he essential to design and ‘construct grade separated intersections or fly overs.
(b)    Preventive maintenance of vehicles: The braking system, steering and lighting arrangements of vehicles plying on the roads may be checked at suitable intervals and heavy penalties levied on defective vehicles. These measures are particularly necessary for public carriers.
(c)     Before and after studies: The record of accidents and their patterns for different locations are maintained by means of collision and condition diagrams. After making the necessary improvements in design and enforcing regulation, it is again necessary to collect and maintain the record of accidents “before and after” the introduction of preventive measures to study their efficiency.
(d)     Road lighting: Proper road lighting can decrease the rate of accidents during night, due to poor visibility. Lighting is particularly desirable at intersections, bride sites and at places where there are restrictions to traffic movements,
Enforcement Measures
The various measures of enforcement that may be useful to prevent accidents at spots prone to accidents are enumerated here. The motor vehicle rules are revised from time to time to make them more comprehensive.
(a)    Speed Control: To enable drivers of buses to develop correct speed habits tachometers may be fitted so as to give the record of speeds. Also surprise checks on spot peed of all fast moving vehicles should he done at selected locations arid timings and legal actions on those who violate the speed limier should be taken.
(b) Traffic control devices: Signals may be re-designed or signal system be introduced if necessary. Similarly proper traffic control device like signs, markings or channelizing islands may be installed wherever found necessary.
(c)    Training and supervision: The transport authorities dos should be strict in testing and issuing license to drivers of public service vehicles and taxis.. Even the drivers who have passed the requisite tests should be kept under proper supervision and be trained in proper supervision and be trained in proper defensive driving. Driving license of the driver may be renewed after specified period, only after conducting some tests to check whether the driver is fit.
(d)     Medical check: The drivers should be tested for vision and reaction time at prescribed intervals, say, once in three years.
(e)     Special precaution for commercial vehicles:  It may be insisted on having a conducted or attendant to help and give proper direction to driver of heavy commercial 
(f)     Observation of law and regulation: This C one of the most essential stops in enforcement for prevention of accidents. Traffic or transport authorities should send study groups of trained personnel, assisted by police to different locations to check whether the traffic regulations are being followed by die road users and also to enforce the essential regulations. The study group can provide useful data for deciding about the necessity of revision of certain tragic regulations.
Educational Measures
(a)     Education of road users: It is very essential to educate the road users for the various precautionary measures to use the road way facilities with safety. The passengers and pedestrians should be taught the rules of the road, correct manner of crossing etc. This may be possible by introducing necessary instruction in the schools for the children. Posters exhibiting the serious results due to carelessness of road users may also be useful. The Indian Roads Congress has recently prepared Highway Safety Code and the document on Road Safety for school children and an instruction Manual on Road Safety Education is under preparation.
(b)     Safety drive: Imposing traffic safety week when the road users are properly directed by the help of traffic police and transport staff is a common means of training the public these days Roads users should be impressed on what should and what should not be done, with the help of films and documentaries. Training courses may be conducted for drivers. The IRC has been organizing Highway Safety Workshop in different regions of the country.