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Bamboo Leaf Ash As A Partial Replacement Of Cement In Concrete
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3.1.2 COARSE AGGREGATE: as coarse aggregate from crushed granite of igneous origin, the aggregate is normal weight, irregular shaped with a maximum size of 20mm, and conforming to BS 882 was collected in a construction site in Kwara state college of education Ilorin.
3.1.3 FINE AGGREGATE: as fine aggregate was collected from the vicinity of Civil Engineering workshop at institute of technology of Kwara state polytechnics Ilorin, proper inspection was carried out to ensure that it is free from deleterious materials. The fine aggregate was clean, sharp and free from clay and organic matter, and well graded in accordance with BS 882.
3.1.4 CEMENT: ordinary Portland cement type, Elephant brand whose properties conform to the requirement of ASTM Type 1 and British standard code (BS 12 of 1996), in which the composition and properties is in compliance with Nigeria standard organization define standard of cement for concrete production. It was sourced from a cement dealer at railway line in Ilorin.
3.2 TEST OF THE CONSTITUENT MATERIALS
The various processes involved in concrete production are given as follows;
(i) Proportioning
(ii) Batching
(iii) Mixing
(iv) Casting
(v) Compaction
(vi) Curing
(vii) Crushing
3.2.1 PROPORTIONING
It is the relative quantity of each ingredient to make the desired concrete. It is decided based upon the calculations of quantity of materials to be used of. The proportioning should be such the resultant mass should be compact with minimum voids and the required strength should be achieved.
The mix design result gave a proportion of 1:2:4 of 0.55 w/c ratio by the weight of ordinary Portland cement, sharp sand, granite. Then, the varying percentages of Bamboo leaf ash (BLAsh) (5%, 10%,15%, 20%) and control samples of no ash (0% BLA) were used to cast the specimens. The water/cement ratio was maintained constant at all different weight of bamboo leaf ash used and the control.
3.2.2 BATCHING
This is the measuring of the quantity of materials (cement, fine and coarse aggregates, water) needed for the casting of concrete. This can be done by volume or by weight. The batching by weight was used for this project. A weighting balance, head –pan and plastic containers were the tools used to accomplish the batching of the materials in accordance with the proportion estimated.
3.2.3 COMPOSITION OF THE CONSTITUENT MATERIALS FOR THE PRODUCTION OF CONCRETE.
Batching by weight was the method adopted in the mix proportion of 1:2:4 with water cement ratio of 0.55 is used.
Dimension of the concrete cube is 150X 150 x 150mm
The length of the cube =150mm
The width of the cube =150mm
The weight of the cube = 150mm
0.15x0.15x0.15 =0.003m3
Addition of 20% of shrinkage value that may occur = 1.2
Total volume = 0.003x1.2 = 0.0036m3
Specific gravity of the materials to make use of are as follow:
Water =1000kg/m3
Cement = 3150kg/ m3
Fine aggregate =2600
Coarse aggregate 2500kg/m3
Let the volume of the materials = 1m3
Volume = mass/density
1:2:4 is the mix ratio with water/cement ratio of 0.55.
Mass of water (mw) = 0.55c
Mass of cement (mc) =c
Mass of coarse aggregate =2c
Mass of coarse aggregate =4c
1m3 (m/d)w + (m/d)c +(m/d)f.a + (m/d) c.a
1= 0.55c 0.55c/1ooo+c/3150+2c/2600 4c/2500
1=0.00055c + 0.0003175c + 0.0007692c + 0.0016c
1=0.003267c
C=309kg/m3
Amount of material required at 0% is as follows:
Water = 0.55 x 309 = 170kg/m3
Cement = 1 x 309 =309
Fine aggregate = 2 x 309 = 618kg/m3
Coarse aggregate = 4 x 309 1236
The above method used to determine the composition of the different quantities of materials for the BLAsh concrete at 0%, 5%, 10%, 15% and 20% as presented in table 3.1.
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ABSRACT - [ Total Page(s): 1 ]ABSTRACTConcrete is a major construction material, which is usually made by mixing cement, water, fine and coarse aggregate and sometimes admixtures in their right proportions. The use of waste materials with pozzolanic properties in concrete production is a becoming a worldwide practice. The assessment of the pozzolanic activity of cement replacement materials is becoming increasingly important because of the need for more sustainable cementing products. In this bamboo leaf Ash is used as parti ... Continue reading---
LIST OF TABLES - [ Total Page(s): 1 ]LIST OF TABLETABLE 3.1 COMPOSITION OF CONSTITUTENT material for BLAsh concrete at 0%,5%,10%,15% and 20% case Table 4.1 The particle size distribution of sharp sand Table 4.2 The Particle Size Distribution of Granite Table 4.3 The Slump Value of The Fresh Concrete Table 4.4 the Density of the Hardened Concrete after 7 Days of Curing Table 4.5 the Density of the Hardened Concrete after 14 Days of Curing Table 4.6 The Density of the Har ... Continue reading---
LIST OF PLATES - [ Total Page(s): 1 ]LIST OF PLATES Plate: 3.1 Bamboo Leaf in it Natural Habitat Plate:3.2 Burning of Bamboo Leaf (BLAsh) Plate 3.3 Sieve Analysis Test on BLAsh Plate 3.4 Mixing of Bamboo Leaf Ash with Varying % of Cement, Fine Aggregate and Coarse Aggregate Plate: 3.5 Casting of Concrete Cubes with BLAsh Replacements Plate 3.6 Curing of Concrete Cubes Plate 3.7 Compressive Strength Test on the Concrete Cubes Plate 3.8 Slump of Test of BLAsh Concrete ... Continue reading---
LIST OF FIGURES - [ Total Page(s): 1 ]LIST OF FIGUREFigure 4.1 Particle Size Distribution Curve of Sharp Sand Figure 4.2 Particle Size Distribution Curve of Granite Figure 4.3 Effects of BLAsh Replacement on Concrete with respect to Days Curing ... Continue reading---
TABLE OF CONTENTS - [ Total Page(s): 1 ]Table of contentsContents Title page Certification Dedication Acknowledgment Table of contents List of Tables List of Plates List of figure Abstract CHAPTER ONE 1.0 Introduction 1.1 Statement of the problem 1.2 Aim and objectives 1.3 Justification of the study 1.4 Scope and limitation of the work 1.5 Methodology CHAPTER TWO2.0 Revie ... Continue reading---
CHAPTER ONE - [ Total Page(s): 2 ]CHAPTER ONE1.0 INTRODUCTION Concrete is a composite element consisting of aggregates enclosed in a matrix of cement paste including possible pozzolanic, has two major components-cement paste and aggregates. As a construction material, concrete can be in almost any shape desired, and once hardened, can become a structural (load bearing) element. The strength of concrete depends upon the strength of these components, their deformation properties, and the adhesion between the paste and aggr ... Continue reading---
CHAPTER TWO - [ Total Page(s): 5 ]Mineral admixture in cement and concrete focuses on how to make more workable and durable concrete using mineral admixtures.Improve resistance of concrete to thermal cracking alkali – aggregate expansion and sulphate attack; and to enable a reduction in cement content.These are;(i) Bamboo leaf ash (BLASH)(ii) Fly Ash(iii) Blast furnace slag (BFS)(iv) Rice husk Ash (RHA)(v) Silica fume(vi) Metakaolin (Oyekan, 2007) 2.2 BAMBOO LEAF ASHBamboo are gro ... Continue reading---
CHAPTER FOUR - [ Total Page(s): 10 ]iii. Density of the concrete after 21 days of curing. ... Continue reading---
CHAPTER FIVE - [ Total Page(s): 1 ]CHAPTER FIVE5.0 CONCLUSION AND RECOMMENDATION5.1 CONCLUSIONBased on the experimental investigations carried out and results obtained, it is therefore concluded that;• The suitability of using bamboo leaf ash BLA as supplementary cementatious material has been explored.• The compressive strength or ability of fresh bamboo leaf ash content measured by the slump test reduces as the bamboo leaf ash content increases. It is therefore noticed, that bamboo leaf ash c ... Continue reading---
REFRENCES - [ Total Page(s): 1 ]REFERENCESAbdullahi, M. (2005); Characteristics of Wood ASH/OPC Concrete, Civil Engineering Department, Federal University of Technology, Minna, Niger State, Nigeria (accessed online).Arowolo S.G. (2013); The Study of Compressive Strength on Concrete with Partial Replacement of Cement with Bamboo leaf Ash, Final Year Project, Department of Civil Engineering, University of Ilorin, Ilorin.Bloem, B.L. (1959); Preliminary Tests of Effect of Sugar on Strength of Mortar, National Ready Mixed Concrete ... Continue reading---
