-
Bamboo Leaf Ash As A Partial Replacement Of Cement In Concrete
-
-
-
CHAPTER FIVE
5.0 CONCLUSION AND RECOMMENDATION
5.1 CONCLUSION
Based on the experimental investigations carried out and results obtained, it is therefore concluded that;
• The suitability of using bamboo leaf ash BLA as supplementary cementatious material has been explored.
• The compressive strength or ability of fresh bamboo leaf ash content measured by the slump test reduces as the bamboo leaf ash content increases. It is therefore noticed, that bamboo leaf ash concrete will be workable but not as cement which is in correspondence to (ASTM C 143 or EN 12350).
• The effect of bamboo leaf ash replacement and curing on the concrete density was investigated. But the result show almost similar. This implies that the bamboo leaf ash has no significant effect on the density of the concrete comparatively.
• The compressive strength of the BLA concrete at the end of 28 days at 9%, 5%, 10% 15% and 20% BLA replacement of cement are relatively close with respect to what the control compressive strength indicated from (compressive strength of concrete classes c14 – c35). This show that the BLA can be used optimally as supplementary cementious material in concrete works.
5.2 RECOMMENDATIONS
Based on the investigation carried out and conclusion drawn, it is therefore recommended that, to improve on the research work with more reliable results:
• For an optimum compressive strength of concrete to be obtained, at 5% replacement of cement with bamboo leaf ash is recommended
• Prior to preparing the bamboo leaf ash, more economical and reduced labour means should be adopted.
• In the coming future, recycling of waste materials in a more useful way like this should be encouraged by government and any organization with viable programs and adequate funds to encourage interested researchers to venture into it.
 
-
-
-
ABSRACT - [ Total Page(s): 1 ]ABSTRACTConcrete is a major construction material, which is usually made by mixing cement, water, fine and coarse aggregate and sometimes admixtures in their right proportions. The use of waste materials with pozzolanic properties in concrete production is a becoming a worldwide practice. The assessment of the pozzolanic activity of cement replacement materials is becoming increasingly important because of the need for more sustainable cementing products. In this bamboo leaf Ash is used as parti ... Continue reading---
LIST OF TABLES - [ Total Page(s): 1 ]LIST OF TABLETABLE 3.1 COMPOSITION OF CONSTITUTENT material for BLAsh concrete at 0%,5%,10%,15% and 20% case Table 4.1 The particle size distribution of sharp sand Table 4.2 The Particle Size Distribution of Granite Table 4.3 The Slump Value of The Fresh Concrete Table 4.4 the Density of the Hardened Concrete after 7 Days of Curing Table 4.5 the Density of the Hardened Concrete after 14 Days of Curing Table 4.6 The Density of the Har ... Continue reading---
LIST OF PLATES - [ Total Page(s): 1 ]LIST OF PLATES Plate: 3.1 Bamboo Leaf in it Natural Habitat Plate:3.2 Burning of Bamboo Leaf (BLAsh) Plate 3.3 Sieve Analysis Test on BLAsh Plate 3.4 Mixing of Bamboo Leaf Ash with Varying % of Cement, Fine Aggregate and Coarse Aggregate Plate: 3.5 Casting of Concrete Cubes with BLAsh Replacements Plate 3.6 Curing of Concrete Cubes Plate 3.7 Compressive Strength Test on the Concrete Cubes Plate 3.8 Slump of Test of BLAsh Concrete ... Continue reading---
LIST OF FIGURES - [ Total Page(s): 1 ]LIST OF FIGUREFigure 4.1 Particle Size Distribution Curve of Sharp Sand Figure 4.2 Particle Size Distribution Curve of Granite Figure 4.3 Effects of BLAsh Replacement on Concrete with respect to Days Curing ... Continue reading---
TABLE OF CONTENTS - [ Total Page(s): 1 ]Table of contentsContents Title page Certification Dedication Acknowledgment Table of contents List of Tables List of Plates List of figure Abstract CHAPTER ONE 1.0 Introduction 1.1 Statement of the problem 1.2 Aim and objectives 1.3 Justification of the study 1.4 Scope and limitation of the work 1.5 Methodology CHAPTER TWO2.0 Revie ... Continue reading---
CHAPTER ONE - [ Total Page(s): 2 ]CHAPTER ONE1.0 INTRODUCTION Concrete is a composite element consisting of aggregates enclosed in a matrix of cement paste including possible pozzolanic, has two major components-cement paste and aggregates. As a construction material, concrete can be in almost any shape desired, and once hardened, can become a structural (load bearing) element. The strength of concrete depends upon the strength of these components, their deformation properties, and the adhesion between the paste and aggr ... Continue reading---
CHAPTER TWO - [ Total Page(s): 5 ]Mineral admixture in cement and concrete focuses on how to make more workable and durable concrete using mineral admixtures.Improve resistance of concrete to thermal cracking alkali – aggregate expansion and sulphate attack; and to enable a reduction in cement content.These are;(i) Bamboo leaf ash (BLASH)(ii) Fly Ash(iii) Blast furnace slag (BFS)(iv) Rice husk Ash (RHA)(v) Silica fume(vi) Metakaolin (Oyekan, 2007) 2.2 BAMBOO LEAF ASHBamboo are gro ... Continue reading---
CHAPTER THREE - [ Total Page(s): 15 ]From the grading curve;WhereThe effective size at 10% percent passing through = D10The effective size at 30% percentage passing = D30The effective size at 60% percentage passing = D60Therefore, D10=0.25um; D30=0.840um, and D60=0.8umCoefficient of uniformity (Cu) = D_60/D_10 = 0.8/0.25 =3.2Coefficient of curvature, Cc = ((D_30)2)/(D_10 x D_60 )=0.5402/0.25x0.8=1.46REMARK: based on the result, the F.M of the sand is 3.1.i.e. coarse sand, coefficient of uniformity is 3.2 and coefficient of curvat ... Continue reading---
CHAPTER FOUR - [ Total Page(s): 10 ]iii. Density of the concrete after 21 days of curing. ... Continue reading---
REFRENCES - [ Total Page(s): 1 ]REFERENCESAbdullahi, M. (2005); Characteristics of Wood ASH/OPC Concrete, Civil Engineering Department, Federal University of Technology, Minna, Niger State, Nigeria (accessed online).Arowolo S.G. (2013); The Study of Compressive Strength on Concrete with Partial Replacement of Cement with Bamboo leaf Ash, Final Year Project, Department of Civil Engineering, University of Ilorin, Ilorin.Bloem, B.L. (1959); Preliminary Tests of Effect of Sugar on Strength of Mortar, National Ready Mixed Concrete ... Continue reading---
-
ABSRACT - [ Total Page(s): 1 ]ABSTRACTConcrete is a major construction material, which is usually made by mixing cement, water, fine and coarse aggregate and sometimes admixtures in their right proportions. The use of waste materials with pozzolanic properties in concrete production is a becoming a worldwide practice. The assessment of the pozzolanic activity of cement replacement materials is becoming increasingly important because of the need for more sustainable cementing products. In this bamboo leaf Ash is used as parti ... Continue reading---
CHAPTER FIVE -- [Total Page(s) 1]
Page 1 of 1
CHAPTER FIVE -- [Total Page(s) 1]
Page 1 of 1