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The Effect Of Sodium Sulphate Contamination On Engineering Properties Of Lateritic Soil
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CHAPTER ONE
1.0 INTRODUCTION
Soil is the cheapest and the most widely used material in civil engineering project as foundation material either in its natural or improved form. It is highly heterogeneous and an isotopic in nature and existing with different engineering properties which can be influenced to some extend by the presence of sodium salts under the influences of water (Olawale, 2013).
The properties of soil as an engineering material depend on its surface electric charges, chemical composition, shape and size. The chemical composition influences to exhibit enormous change in the engineering properties especially in soil with high content of clay materials (Olawale, 2013).
Lateritic soil is one of the commonest materials that are widely used in the construction of civil engineering infrastructures, such earth dams, covers and pavement is constructed in layers in Nigeria, and surfacing. The first three layers are mostly constructed using laterite soil depending on the expected traffic volume and intensity suitability on the soil in terms of specification (Agbode and Osunolalo and FMN, 1997).
Transportation geo-environmental is a new emerging area that is interdisciplinary in nature. It cut across transportation, geotechnical and environment engineering, and aim at analyzing, predicting and solving problem of soil that are affected by environmental factors (Olawale, 2013).
The study of the effects of soluble salts in soil found out that chloride, sulphate and nirate of sodium increases the permeability of the soil, since there is clear indication that permeability; one of the engineering properties of soil is affected by the presented of the salts, it is pertinent to investigate their effect on the wider properties of the soil (Olawole, 2013).
The investigation made on the effect of sodium sulphate water on the mixed with clay soil, the result indicate there was increase in optimum moisture content and decrease in maximum dry density (Sherwood, 1992)
The effect of sulphate salt on engineering properties of lateritic soil was examined and the finding shows the maximum dry density and specific gravity decrease with tine while optimum moisture content increase with time (Sherwood, 1992)
The research is aimed at evaluating the effect of salt contamination on the engineering properties of soil using hydrated sodium (ii) tetraoxosulphate (iv) salt (NaSO4).
1.1 STATEMENT OF THE PROBLEM
The effect of sodium sulphate contamination on engineering properties of lateritic soil causes failure to highway pavement in existing roads and make highway foundation materials to be unsuiltable for highway construction.
1.2 AIM AND OBJECTIVES OF THE STUDY
ï¶ Access the actual performance of lateritic soil when contaminated with sodium (ii) tetraoxosulphate (iv) salt (NaSO4)
ï¶ To identify and appraise NaSO4 as a contaminant on lateritic soil.
ï¶ To show the effect of the NaSO4 on various engineering properties of lateritic soil.
ï¶ To evaluate the strength of lateritic soil when contaminated sodium (ii) tetraoxosulphate (iv) salt (NaSO4) and when free from the contaminant.
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ABSRACT - [ Total Page(s): 1 ]ABSTRACT COMING SOON ... Continue reading---
APPENDIX A - [ Total Page(s): 3 ] ... Continue reading---
CHAPTER TWO - [ Total Page(s): 6 ]ReactionNacl(s) +H2SO4aq → NaHSO4aq + HCl1 Then, the sodium hydrogen tetraoxosulphate (vi) react with more sodium chloride to form the sodium tetraoxosulphate (vi)NaHSO4aq + NaClaq → Na2SO4aq + HClg (Michigan, 1990)2.4.2 CHEMICAL PROPERTIES OF SODIUM (II) TETRAOXOSULPHATE (VI) SALT Sodium sulphate (NaSO4) displays a moderate tendency to form double salts which is the only alum formed with common trivated metal which unstable above 39 (degree)C and NaCrSO4 (Soskatc ... Continue reading---
CHAPTER THREE - [ Total Page(s): 3 ]PROCEDURES• Liquid limit: A sample weighing 200g from the material passing the 300um BS test sieve was taken.• The sample was placed on flat glass plate and mix thoroughly with distilled water using the palette knife unit the mass becomes a thick homogonous paste.• The paste was allowed to stand in air tight container for about 24hours to allow the water permeate throughout the soil mass.• Curing was applied to where applicable and remix for about ... Continue reading---
CHAPTER FOUR - [ Total Page(s): 16 ]CHAPTER FOURRESULT ANALYSIS AND DISCUSSION4.1 PARTICLE SIZE DISTRIBUTIONThe result of the particle size distribution “sieve analysis†of the sample is analyzed and presented in the table and figure below. ... Continue reading---
CHAPTER FIVE - [ Total Page(s): 1 ]CHAPTER FIVE5.1 CONCLUSION From the investigations carried out on this work, the following conclusions are made: The laterite sample is classified as Sand Gravel soil according to AASHTO classification system and it is a good sub grade and sub-base material for Civil Engineering construction.The liquid test for unstabilized laterite is 60.31% and for the stabilized of 20% is 50.16,30 % is 46.9% and for 40% is 45.05 and plastic limits test for unstabilized laterite is 36.62% and ... Continue reading---
REFRENCES - [ Total Page(s): 1 ]REFERENCESAbabio, O.Y. (1996), New School Chemistry for Senior Secondary School (2nd edition), Longman publisher, Erands, LondonAbraham, J. (1992), “Introduction to Soil Mechanics†(3rd edition), Macmillan INC, New York.Agbede, O. and osunmolale O. (1997), “All AboutSulphate Salt†Retrieved 2009-10-31â€. From www.ifgworld.org. Agbede, O. and Osunolale O. (2003), “Effect of Ph Contamination on Engineering Properties of Lateritic Soilâ€. Final Year Project i ... Continue reading---
