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Prevalence Of And Motivation For Drug Abuse
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CHAPTER FIVE
DISCUSSION, CONCLUSION AND RECOMMENDATIONS
Preamble
This study examined the prevalence of, and motivation for drug abuse among students of tertiary institutions in Kwara state. The moderating variables of gender, age, religion and family type were introduced to the study in order to examine their influence on the respondents’ responses. Therefore, this chapter shall deal with the discussion of findings, conclusion and relevant recommendations based on the findings of the study.
Discussion
The impact of drug abuse in the society has being a social problem that has negatively influenced the Nigeria youths. Salvaging the situation will require that the society launch a collective effort to prevent the total degeneration and loss of societal moral values and ideas. Following the result of the findings, the total of four hundred and fifty (450) respondents participated in the study. Out of which, 235 (52%) were male and 215 (47%) were female. On the basis of age 417 (92.7%) were of age 16-30 while 33 (7.3%) were 31 years and above. Religion difference indicates that 11 (2.4%) were African Traditional Religion (ATR) adherents, 178 (39.6%) were Christians while 261 (58%) were from Islamic religion. In relevance to family type of the respondents, 306 (68.0%) were from monogamous family and the remaining 144 (32.0%) formed the polygamous family type.
Basically, the study revealed a high prevalence of drug abuse among students of tertiary institutions in Kwara State. The high prevalence of drug abuse among students of tertiary institutions in Kwara State may be surprising because Kwara is known to be one of the most religious state in Nigeria and many tertiary institutions there usually not condone indiscipline, most especially, the capital city, Ilorin and University of Ilorin. This thus suggests that even though the environment does not encourage such act, the students still discreetly take drugs. Specifically, the study revealed that students of tertiary institutions take drugs without medical prescriptions, use drugs prescribed for someone else and take more or less than the doctor ordered. This is in line with the study of Farlex (2007) where it noted that except for the marked absence of hard drugs, there is evidence that respondents have used other types of drugs and alcohol. Prescription drugs are commonly used among the respondents for non-medical purposes. The reason may be that they see nothing wrong in it.
On the other hand, the result shows that tertiary institution students are motivated into drug abuse in order to make them conform with peer pressure, experiment how it works and to work better. Adolescence is a time of storm and stress when adolescents are in the process of developing their attitudes, beliefs and values. There are many influences such as the media and negative experiences with adults and peers, which compromise their values and beliefs (Bishop, Downes & Smith, 1995). The findings however, corroborate with the study of Oriahi, Ajekweneh and Oriahi (2012) where they found that majority of adolescent students were influenced by peer group on the use of drugs and by the parents. It can therefore, be deduced that substance abuse among students is highly influenced by peers. Being curious to be accepted among peers or to fulfill a desire, accomplish a specific task, they are initiated into substance use by a subtle means of accompany to vending sites as errand boys, being encouraged to smell or taste, being allowed to experiment the transient ecstatic feelings of the substance and being treated as the best pals until the person gets addicted.
The result showed more male than female participated in the study and the hypothesis that there is no significant difference in the prevalence of drug abuse among students of tertiary institutions on the basis of gender was accepted. This shows that gender of the respondents do not differentiate or influence their prevalence of drug abuse among students of tertiary institutions. This means that drug abuse is prevalent irrespective of gender differences. The finding again is in line with Oriahi, Ajekweneh and Oriahi (2012) as they found that gender did not significantly show differences in the use and cause of drug abuse.
Hypothesis two tested revealed no significant difference in the motivation for drug abuse among students of tertiary institutions on the basis of gender. Gender in this regard does not differentiate the respondents’ motivation for drug abuse. This implies that both male and female participants believed that peer pressure, to experiment how it works and to work better significantly motivate the students of tertiary institutions towards drug abuse. The finding is in line with the finding of Raji (2012) when he found no significant difference in the knowledge and attitude of tertiary institution students towards drug abuse based on gender. It therefore, follows that both male and female respondents were influenced by their peers towards drug abuse in order to work better and to experiment how drugs work.
In line with the third hypothesis that there is no significant difference in the prevalence of drug abuse among students of tertiary institutions on the basis of age. The hypothesis was accepted as no significant difference was found. The age of the respondents has no influence on the prevalence of drug abuse. This follows that irrespective of age differences, drug abuse prevail among students of tertiary institutions. For instance, visiting different bar joint in different students dominated areas shows that students of varying age (15 years and above) involve in drinking, and smoking of tobacco and marijuana. The finding correspond with the research findings of Obot (1992) that many drug abusers are professionals in their 20’s and 30’s. Meaning that these young people have very early in their lives being exposed to drug use.
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ABSRACT - [ Total Page(s): 1 ]ABSTRACT COMING SOON ... Continue reading---
APPENDIX A - [ Total Page(s): 2 ]UNIVERSITY OF ILORINFACULTY OF EDUCATIONCOUNSELLOR EDUCATION DEPARTMENTPrevalence of and Motivation for Drug Abuse Questionnaire (PMDAQ)Dear Respondent, This instrument is designed to elicit information on the prevalence of, and motivation for drug abuse among students of tertiary institutions in Kwara State, Nigeria. Your sincere responses to each of the items will be highly appreciated as all information supplied will be treated with utmost confidentiality and be used strictly for the re ... Continue reading---
CHAPTER ONE - [ Total Page(s): 6 ]The American Psychiatric Association (2010) referred to substance abuse as maladaptive patterns of substance use leading to clinical significant impairment or distress, as manifested by one (or more) of the following, occurring within a 12 month period: recurrent substance use resulting in a failure to fulfill major role obligations at work, school, or home; recurrent substance use in situations in which it is physically hazardous; recurrent substance related legal problems; continued substance ... Continue reading---
CHAPTER TWO - [ Total Page(s): 14 ]The immediate effects of smoking marijuana include increased heart rate, reddened eyes and increase feeling of well being. The hallucinogenic properties of marijuana may include enhancement of sensitivity to colour, sound patterns, texture and taste. The personal reaction time is showed and the ability to interprete what is seen takes a longer time than normal. Pollock, Candace and Charles (1979) listed the following behavioural effects of marijuana.• Marijuana impair short term me ... Continue reading---
CHAPTER THREE - [ Total Page(s): 2 ]Pilot Testing The pilot testing is used to determine the usability
of an instrument. To establish this, the instrument was administered to
ten students of the University of Ilorin, which did not form part of the
final respondents of the instrument. After administration, the
researcher interacted with the respondents, recorded their observation
about the instruments and effect necessary corrections.Psychometric Properties of the InstrumentAn instrument is considered appropriate when i ... Continue reading---
CHAPTER FOUR - [ Total Page(s): 7 ]Hypothesis Three:There is no significant difference in the prevalence of drug abuse among students of tertiary institutions on the basis of age.Table 7 indicates that the calculated t-value of 1.51 is less than the critical t- value of 1.96 at 0.05 alpha level. This indicates that there is no significant difference. Hence, the hypothesis is accepted. Therefore, there is no significant difference in the prevalence of drug abuse among students of tertiary institutions on the basis of age.Hypothesi ... Continue reading---
REFRENCES - [ Total Page(s): 3 ]REFERENCESAaron, K., Robert, L., Reische, D., Barbara, V., Waggoner, S. & Wagger, H.(1982). Understanding health. New Jersey: Random House Visual Education Corporation. Abdullahi, O. (1995). Typology of research. In S. Jimoh (ed). Methodology: An inter disciplinary approach. Ilorin: Unilorin Library and Publication.Akindelly, B. (2009). Causes, effects and control of drug abuse in society.Retrieved July 22, 2013 from. http://www.voices.yahoo.com/causes-effects-control-drug-abuse-society. ... Continue reading---
