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Prevalence Of And Motivation For Drug Abuse
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Still on the basis of age, the hypothesis that there is significant difference in the motivation for drug abuse among students of tertiary institutions was accepted as no significant difference was found. It then indicates that respondents’ age has no influence in their motivation for drug abuse. Irrespective of their different age brackets, they tend to be motivated towards drug abuse by peer pressure, in order to work better and experiment how it works. The finding thus supports that of Igwe and Ojinnaka (2010) “mental health of adolescents who abuse psycho-active substances in Enugu, Nigeria: A cross sectional studyâ€. They found the prevalence of psychosocial dysfunction is higher in adolescents abusing substance compare to those who do not and that the prevalence of psychiatric morbidity was not related to the age, gender or social classes.
There is no significant difference in the prevalence of drug abuse among students of tertiary institutions on the basis of religion. No significant difference was found thus, the hypothesis was accepted. It implies that in the three religions, drug abuse is prevalent among the adherents’ youths. This contradict the study of Engs and Kenneth (1999) that having a strong religious commitment was associated with less substance use and that heavy drinking and using tobacco was correlated with illicit drug use. The reason may be that religion (most especially Christianity and Islam) have specific teachings against any form of drug use and abuse.
On the other hand, no significant difference was also found in the hypothesis that there is no significant difference in the motivation for drug abuse among students of tertiary institutions on the basis of religion. The hypothesis was accepted. Meaning that respondents’ religions influence not their motivations for drug abuse. The study is relevant to the findings of Mullen, Williams and Hunt (1996) that found persistent, but reduce effects for religion on substance abuse. However, Jessor and Jessor (1979) have suggested that person’s affiliated with religious groups that either formally or informally encourage abstinence from alcohol are more likely to be abstainers than person’s affiliated with no religious groups that are more permissive or liberated about drinking. Reasons for this according to them was ranged and varied from group pressure and a “selected out†process for Presbyterian religious group.
The hypothesis that there is no significant difference in the prevalence of drug abuse among students of tertiary institutions on the basis of family type was accepted as no significant difference was found. This follows that the respondents, family type (monogamy or polygamy) has no influence in the prevalence of drug abuse among young people. It implies that family size does not determine drug abuse of a child. The finding negates that of Coleman (2010) when he discovered that family size contribute immensely to inability of the parents to control their children. Children without proper parental care and control are susceptible to drug abuse. The reason for respondents agreement on the basis of family type may be that the society has become a global word where children could be exposed to several other motivating factors that may induced them to drug abuse.
Finally, no significant difference was found in the motivation for drug abuse among students of tertiary institutions on the basis of family type. Therefore, the hypothesis was accepted. This indicates that family does not differentiate the respondents’ motivation for drug abuse. This may result from the fact that many families today irrespective of the type are beset by crisis, poor relationship, divorce, little attention to children and poor parenting. The finding is in consonant with the study of Center for Suicide Research and Prevention and Department of Social Work and Social Administration, University of Hong Kong (2011), “A Study of Drug Abuse among Youths and Family Relationships.†It was revealed that adolescents are affected by dysfunction families due to unstable family condition, low income and long working hours of family members, poor/ineffective communication between youths and their family.
Conclusion
The study investigated the prevalence and motivation for drug abuse among students of tertiary institutions in Kwara State, Nigeria. A high prevalence was found and peer pressure, to work better and to experiment how it works were the motivating factors for drug abuse among students of tertiary institutions. Variables such as gender, age, religion and family type were hypothesized on the prevalence of, and motivation for drug abuse. It was discovered therefore, that no significant difference was found in the prevalence of, and motivation for drug abuse among students of tertiary institutions on the basis of gender, age, religion and family type.
Implications for Counseling Practices
The study has revealed a high prevalence of drug abuse and motivating factors of peer pressure, to work better and to experiment how drugs work. Therefore, drug abuse among youth should be prevented on controlled if the nation must produce disciplined and responsible leaders. This is a greater task in which the professional counsellors have a larger role to play. The school counsellors should at every educational level orientates and educates young people on the debilitating effects of drugs and benefits they will accrued should they abstain from it.
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ABSRACT - [ Total Page(s): 1 ]ABSTRACT COMING SOON ... Continue reading---
APPENDIX A - [ Total Page(s): 2 ]UNIVERSITY OF ILORINFACULTY OF EDUCATIONCOUNSELLOR EDUCATION DEPARTMENTPrevalence of and Motivation for Drug Abuse Questionnaire (PMDAQ)Dear Respondent, This instrument is designed to elicit information on the prevalence of, and motivation for drug abuse among students of tertiary institutions in Kwara State, Nigeria. Your sincere responses to each of the items will be highly appreciated as all information supplied will be treated with utmost confidentiality and be used strictly for the re ... Continue reading---
CHAPTER ONE - [ Total Page(s): 6 ]The American Psychiatric Association (2010) referred to substance abuse as maladaptive patterns of substance use leading to clinical significant impairment or distress, as manifested by one (or more) of the following, occurring within a 12 month period: recurrent substance use resulting in a failure to fulfill major role obligations at work, school, or home; recurrent substance use in situations in which it is physically hazardous; recurrent substance related legal problems; continued substance ... Continue reading---
CHAPTER TWO - [ Total Page(s): 14 ]The immediate effects of smoking marijuana include increased heart rate, reddened eyes and increase feeling of well being. The hallucinogenic properties of marijuana may include enhancement of sensitivity to colour, sound patterns, texture and taste. The personal reaction time is showed and the ability to interprete what is seen takes a longer time than normal. Pollock, Candace and Charles (1979) listed the following behavioural effects of marijuana.• Marijuana impair short term me ... Continue reading---
CHAPTER THREE - [ Total Page(s): 2 ]Pilot Testing The pilot testing is used to determine the usability
of an instrument. To establish this, the instrument was administered to
ten students of the University of Ilorin, which did not form part of the
final respondents of the instrument. After administration, the
researcher interacted with the respondents, recorded their observation
about the instruments and effect necessary corrections.Psychometric Properties of the InstrumentAn instrument is considered appropriate when i ... Continue reading---
CHAPTER FOUR - [ Total Page(s): 7 ]Hypothesis Three:There is no significant difference in the prevalence of drug abuse among students of tertiary institutions on the basis of age.Table 7 indicates that the calculated t-value of 1.51 is less than the critical t- value of 1.96 at 0.05 alpha level. This indicates that there is no significant difference. Hence, the hypothesis is accepted. Therefore, there is no significant difference in the prevalence of drug abuse among students of tertiary institutions on the basis of age.Hypothesi ... Continue reading---
REFRENCES - [ Total Page(s): 3 ]REFERENCESAaron, K., Robert, L., Reische, D., Barbara, V., Waggoner, S. & Wagger, H.(1982). Understanding health. New Jersey: Random House Visual Education Corporation. Abdullahi, O. (1995). Typology of research. In S. Jimoh (ed). Methodology: An inter disciplinary approach. Ilorin: Unilorin Library and Publication.Akindelly, B. (2009). Causes, effects and control of drug abuse in society.Retrieved July 22, 2013 from. http://www.voices.yahoo.com/causes-effects-control-drug-abuse-society. ... Continue reading---
