Design And Implementation Of Online Disaster Report Management System
[SOKOTO STATE FIRE SEVICE]

CHAPTER TWO LITERATURE REVIEW
2.1    INTRODUCTION
This chapter deals with different concept, understanding, and ideas, generalization or conclusions and different development related to study of the disasters report management system from the past up to the present and which serves as the researcher’s guide in developing the project.
2.2    REVIEW OF RELATED LITERATURES
Management information system is an organize collection of data, information resources, procedures, people, database and devices used to provide routine information to managers for decision making in an organization. It provides standard report generated with data and information from the transaction processing system. These management information systems began to develop in 1960s and are characterized by the use of information to provide managerial reports which can be produced –daily, weekly, monthly or yearly. Basically an Information System handles the flow and maintenance of Information that supports a business or some other operation. It contains information about significant people, places and things within the organization or in the environment surrounding it (George and Ralph, 1998).
The ferocity and impact of natural disasters in recent years has exceeded even the worst history. Report stated that disasters occurred in areas that had not been previously seen to be vulnerable to that particular disaster, or struck a traditionally vulnerable area with more intensity. In 2001 as a whole, India suffered 73.1% of all disaster-related deaths in Asia. With the growth and development of the social system in the community emergency management became responsibility of the local, and to some extent, governing agency. In the western world- several national level originations were created to provide assistance during major natural disasters in the nineteenth century. American Red Cross, established in 1881: the National Weather service; the US Army; US cost guards are some of the examples of such agencies added in disaster response efforts (Godschalk, 2008).
According to Laudon in (1991), Three activities provide the information that organizations need. These activities are Input, Processing and Output. 'Input' consists of acquisition of the 'raw data', which is transformed into more meaningful packets of 'Information' by means of 'Processing'. The processed information now flows to the users or activities also called as 'Output'. The shortcomings are analyzed and the information is sent back to the appropriate members of the organization to help them evaluate and refine the input. This is termed as 'feedback'.He also define preparedness as planning, resource identification, warning systems, training, simulations, and other pre- disaster actions taken with the sole intent of improving the safety and effectiveness of a community's response during and after a disaster.
2.2    REVIEW OF RELATED SYSTEM
2.2.1    EMERGENCY    COMMUNICATION    INFORMATION MANAGAGER (;<C+*)
According to jack ray (2016) Review that The E-CIM system enables you to take immediate control of your site’s existing communications devices in a crisis—and broadcast urgent, actionable voice instructions that give your people the information they need to protect themselves. The E-CIM system is powered by Metis Secure emergency communications software, connected to your site existing computer screens, IP phones, PA systems, email servers, digital signs, and almost any other analog or digital communications device. When you’re confronted with an emergency, you can instantly take control of the communications devices throughout your building or site, send to personal devices, and surround your people with urgent, impossible-to- ignore emergency directives
2.2.1 FEMA APP
According to james david (2010) Review that the system allow users to contact directly with an official emergency center, but they are limited to predefined locations. The ELERTS app is valid just for hospitals or colleges to notify the security department about a problem. Consequently, it can be used just for small-scale events that do not require an immediate and urgent solution. In case of My112, it establishes a bidirectional communication channel with the emergency operation center, but the notification mechanism consists of making a traditional emergency call with the additional information of the geo- localization. Similar to My112 application, several 112 Operation Centers across Europe as well as others
2.3    REVIEW OF THE RELATED TOOLS
2.3.1    MYSQL
According to john T. (2012) MySQL is a typical environment for constructing relational databases. The database is the skeleton and the underlying framework most of the contemporary Information Systems. The evolution of the Database systems could be divided into three phases: the Manual filing System the forms, the File-based systems an administrator home page and the database and the Database Management systems (phpMyadmin). The manual-filing system contains files of information in administrator home page and directly saved in the database. If their exist some document it will update, related to a Project, product, task, client, or employee and they are usually labelled and stored in one or files in administrator page. The file not only may be located in the secure area of the building but also modify as per need, for safety and. To facilitate the process of searching and to find out what we want, more quickly, the different types of item can be put in separate folders and they remain logically related. Actually, the needs of the contemporary industrial world could not be covered or satisfied by using such kind of systems, and especially what concerns their reliability and efficiency.
2.3.2    PHP
According to james N.Hizt (2004), said that PHP can do anything other CGI programs can do , such as collection from the database, generate dynamic page content or sent and recieved cookies. Perhaps the strongest and most significant features in PHP it is support for a wide range of database. It main features it is very portable, it can run on different operating system and it also support wide range of database, examples are A data base D, solid and oracle etc.
PHP stands for Hypertext pre-processor an php file is just the same as an HTML file it also can contain HTML, CSS, and java scripts. Scripts in an php file are executed on the xamp server. When a browser requests an HTML file, the server returns the file while When a browser requests an php file, xamp passes the request to the php parser engine on the server.It also run inside wamp/xamp server in all operating system. The php pasrser engine reads the file, line by line, and executrs the scripts in the file.
2.4    JUSTIFICATION OF THE STUDY
As observed from the related literature from various scholars and past researchers the Online disaster report mangement system can said to reduce the manpower needed to generate disaster report, also it is more reliable to access report through the online system. This can also be said that it would also cut down the human error aspect as well as double entries of report at the same time. The online report management system can be said to replace the manual method of report and also it makes generation of report easier and faster.