There is a self reported cheating of 45% occasional cheater and 33% students who cheats often on the Rutgers campus of 33,500 students. In 1990, only 80 cases of cheating were reported (Fishbein, 1994). In a survey by Micabe and Trevino (1995) a student noted, “it does not pay to be honest in school, because, with certain forms of cheating, the chances of getting caught are slim to noneâ€. (Micabe and Trevino, 1995, P.7). Take home paper examination (Marsh, 1988) found experimentally that there was more cheating by students who took a take home exam than by students who took an in-class exam. However, Weber and McBee (1983) found that there was little difference in the level of cheating between take home, open book and in-class exams. They concluded “finding an answer in a book is probably a more reliable and efficient procedures than having to find the bright person in examination hall, who is a student in class†(Weber and McBee, 1983, P.6).
Faculty support of academic integrity Micabe (1993) studied the reactions of faculty members cheating as reported by their students faculty at Honor code institutions were reluctant to enforce academic integrity rules, but did so twice as often as did the faculty at non-code schools. 40% of 200 professors surveyed had never turned in a student for cheating 84% seldom turned in a students for cheating and only, 6% chose often. Micabe and Trevino (1995) found that many professor do not wish to be involves with the reporting of cheating violations. Only 50% said that they would not reports even if there were such proof. Faculty said that student are very much aware of which professors will turn them in, and which ones consider it too much red tape. When students thought the class workload was impossible to complete in traditional classes, they would cheat in order to ensure their survival (Alken, 1991, Ashworth and Bannista, 1997, Clayton, 1999, Fishbern, 1993, 1994).
Administrators at Dallas community college system have found that different courses can be categorized as high or low risk courses for cheating. lowest risk classes for dishonest conduct are those which prepare students to state boards or certificate exams. There is also reduced risk of cheating when the distance classes not in these categories, administrators encourage the use of proctored entrance examination centre (Tulloch and Thompson, 1999).
In surveying the literature on implementing online instruction not one of the reports recommended unsupervised online school examination. Many distance learning divisions, including those at Tallahassee community college and Northern Virginia community college require students to take at least one proctored exam during the term (Hayes, 1997, Northern Virginia community college, 1998, Serwatka, 1999). Proctored exams are strongly recommended by Gray (1998). She also recommends that photos be collected from students as they register so that the proctor can verify their identity.
Methods of reducing on-line examination cheating as noted earlier and methods of controlling academic dishonesty fall into two districts categories, honor codes and deterrents. Honor codes and communication about academic integrity are the solutions of choice for a stable group or community whose members know one another well, such as high school, small college, campus or place of employment.
These methods are not a workable solution for examination someone whom you have never met and may never meet again. The second strategies for reducing on-line examination cheating come from combination of expecting integrity while utilizing deterrents to encourages honesty. Many students are not certain of what constitutes cheating, students need to be told explicitly what constitutes dishonesty behaviour if it is to be deterred (Cizek, 199, Micabe and Trevino, 1993). Carlson (1999) notes that this is important in online examination. He suggests that integrity policy should be noted and posted on the syllable.
In the article, “maintaining academic integrity in Web based instruction†gray (1998) offers suggestions to instructions of web-based classes. She suggests that when using online type of examination to a URL. The address is E-mailed at a predetermined time along with a deadline for completion. She also suggest integrity quizzes in exercises and reading to make it difficult to get a person unfamiliar with the course specifics to help without demanding a great deal of their time. Biometrics, as a person have begun to utilize the computer for more daily activities, to access is now dependent on a password, which many times is lost or stolen. Biometrics is one of more recent security methods, which is been employed by business, industries, and military to replace password. Biometric techniques includes the measuring of physical attributes or personal traits in order to automatically compare a person’s unique characteristics to date in file. Some of these unique characteristics includes finger prints, voice patterns, faces, hands, irises, retinas or writing methods.
