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The Effect Of Urbanization And Unemployment On The Nigerian Economy
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Gross
Domestic Product (GDP): According to Okowa, W. J. (1995), defined gross
domestic product as the money value of the total output of goods and
services produced within the geographical confines (that is,
inhabitants) of a country's territory in a given year.
Economic
Development: refers to as the problems of the economic development of
underdeveloped countries. Though the study of economic development has
attracted the attention of economists right from Adam Smith down to Marx
and Keynes, yet they were mainly interested in the problems which
essentially static in nature and largely related to a western European
framework of social and cultural institutions. Economic Development:
(According to Schumpeter) defines development as a discontinuous and
spontaneous changer in the stationary state which forever alters and
displaces the equilibrium state previously existing. This view of
Schumpeter has been widely accepted and elaborated by the majority of
economists. Economic Development: (According to kindle Berger,) Economic
Development implies both more output and changes in the technical and
institutional arrangement by which it is produced and distributed.
Development:
goes beyond this to simply changes in the composition of output) and
the allocation of inputs by the sectors. Recent statistics released by
the National Bureau of Statistics (NBS) showed that about 10million
Nigerians were unemployed in Nigeria at March, 2010. The NBS defines the
unemployment rate as the percentage of Nigeria's labour force that is
qualified to work but did not work for atleast 39 hours in the week
preceding the survey. The total labour force is made up of people aged
between 15 to 64 years and excludes students, home-keepers, retired
persons, stay-at-home parents and persons unable to work or not
interested in work. 1.9 ORGANIZATION OF THE STUDY After the preliminary
pages which consist of the cover, certification, dedication,
acknowledgement, abstract and table of .content pages. The study will be
set under five chapters; they are the introductory aspect of the work
which forms the chapter one, the review of related literature, in
chapter two, the research methodology, in chapter three, the
presentation I of Analysis an 3 interpretation of data in chapter four
and summary, conclusion and recommendation which forms the aspect of
chapter five. The work will be rounded up with references and Appendix.
What is Urbanization?
It’s
the physical growth of rural or national land into urban areas as a
result of population in-migration to an existing urban area. Effects
include change in density and administration services. While the exact
definition and population size of urbanized areas varies among different
countries, urbanization is attributed to growth of cities.
Urbanization
is the social process whereby cities grow and societies became more
urban in nature, as opposed to being mostly rural and agricultural.
Urbanization is what occurs when the rural character of a town is
gradually replaced by housing and industrial development, resulting in
more suburbs. Its an increase in the proportion of people living in
urban or developed areas compared to rural areas.
Urbanization is not
merely a modern phenomenon, but a rapid and nutoric transformation of
human social roots on a global scale, whereby predominantly village
culture is being rapidly replaced by predominantly urban culture. The
last major change in settlement patterns was the accumulation of limits-
gatherers into villages many thousand years ago. Village culture is
characterized by common bloodiness, intimate relationships and communal
behaviour whereas urban culture is characterized by distance bloodiness,
unfamiliar relations, and competitive behaviour. This unprecedented
movement of people is forecast to continue and intensify in the next few
decades, mushrooming cities to size incomprehensible only a century
ago.
Urbanization is not about simply increasing the number of urban
residents or expanding the area of cities. More importantly, its about a
complete change from rural to urban style in terms of industry
structure, employment, living environment and social security.
The
rapid urbanization of the world’s population one the twentieth century
is described in the 2005 revision of the UN World urbanization prospects
report. The global proportion of urban population rose dramationlly
from 13% (220 million) in 1900, to29% (732 million) in 1950, to 49% (3.2
billion) in 2005. The same report projected that the figure is likely
to rise to 60% (49 billion) by 2030.
According to the UN State of the
World population 2007 report, sometime in the middle of 2007, the
majority of people worldwide will be living in towns or cities for the
first time in history, this is referred to as the arrival of the “urban
millennium or the typing point. In regard to future trends, it is
estimated 93% of urban growth will occur in developing nations, with 80%
of urban growth occurring in Asia and Africa.
Urbanization occurs as
individual, commercial and governmental efforts to reduce time and
expense in communing and transportation while improving opportunities
for jobs, Education, housing and transportation. Living in cities
permits the advantages of the opportunities of proximity, diversity and market place competition.
Urbanization
rates very between countries. The united states and united kingdom have
a higher urbanization level than China, India, Swaziland or Niger, but a
few slower, annual urbanization rate since much less of the population
is living in a rural area.
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ABSRACT - [ Total Page(s): 1 ]The work is motivated by the seeming inability of the public sector to make and implement polices and programmes to curb the high rate of rural – urban migration and unemployment that is usually experienced in Nigeria. The study was geared towards an overview of the issues of urbanization and unemployment as well as their implication on the development of Nigeria. Secondary data were collected and analyzed using ordinary least square method. The result obtained from the analysis shows tha ... Continue reading---
