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The Innovative Strategies For Public Senior Secondary Students Academic Performanc
[A CASE STUDY OF ILORIN WEST LOCAL GOVERNMENT AREA, KWARA STATE NIGERIA.]
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CHAPTER TWO
REVIEW OF LITERATURE
The review of literature related to this study is presented under the sub-headings:
Theoretical Framework
Conceptual Review
1. ¬Concept of Examination System in Nigeria
2- Concept of Examination Malpractice
3- Perpetration of Examination Malpractices by some Stakeholders
Curbing examination dishonesty through value education
4- Computer-based examination
5- Review of Empirical Studies
6- Summary of Literature Review.
TheoreticalFramework
This study can be associated to certain existing theories as highlighted below: Communist theory: communist theory is defined by Marx and Engels (1848) in a single phrase as the abolition of private property. Marx and Engels stated that the society as a whole is more and more splitting up into the great camps, or opposing classes; the Proletariats and the Bourgeoisie. Political powered picts that property is merely the organized power of one class oppressing another. Communism deprives no man of the power to appropriate the product of the society but it deprives him of the power to subjugate the labour of others by means of such appropriation.
Measures needed to convert to communism include: abolition of property in land and application of all rents of land to the public, heavy progressive income tax, abolition of all rights of inheritance, confiscation of the property of all emigrants and rebels, centralizing of credit in the hands of the state, by means of a national bank with a state capital, centralizing of the means of communication and transportation in the hands of the state, factories and production owned by the state and cultivation of waste lands, equal liability of all labour, establishment of industrial armies, especially for agriculture and combining agriculture and manufacturing industries.
Since this study is concerned with ensuring malpractice free examinations during all public examinations in Nigeria, it tends associate itself with the Communist theory. The researcher admits with the fact that most candidates indulge in examination malpractice in order to make good grades and increase their chances of having better life through good employment. The theory emphasizes that communism bridges the gap between the rich and the poor thereby, discouraging candidates from seeing passing examinations excellently as the only resort to getting a well-paid job.
Concept of Examination System in Nigeria
The periodic testing and measurement of students after acquisition of experience is known as examination (Olushola, 2006). Examination is the pivotal point around which the whole system of education revolves and the success or failure of the system of examination is indeed an indicator of the success or failure of that particular system of education (Olushola,2006). Examinations vary in style, rigour and requirements. For example, in a closed book examination, anexaminee is often required to rely upon memory to respond to certain items, where as in open book examination, the examinee may use one or more supplementary tools such as reference books or calculators. Examination may be administered formally or informally. An example of a formal examination is the final examination administered by a teacher in the class room while informal examination would be a reading examination administered by a parent to a child. Similarly, standard examinations are score dinconsistent manner while non-standard examinations are usually flexible in scope and format. Examination could be in written form, multiple choice, completion type, essay, true/false, mathematical question, or performance test. Olushola further submitted that the two basic assumptions of any examination worth its name are that (a) it should be valid and (b) it should be reliable. The two are distinct concepts. An examination is said to be valid fit performs the functions which it is designed to perform while the concept of reliability, refers to consistency of measurement. In actual fact, the prevailing system of examination and its mode of conduct defy both these assumptions. The system has degenerated to an extent that its validity and reliability are questionable.
Concept of Examination Malpractice
Olushola, (2006) stated that examination malpractice is an unlawful behaviour or activity engaged in by students to have personal advantage in an examination over their colleagues or mates who are taking the same examination. Malpractice could be committed before, during or after the examination by either the students taking the examination or by officials assigned with the administration of the examination. Dike (1996) from the psychological point of view saw examination malpractice as all forms of cheating which directly or indirectly falls if the ability of the students. It refers to counter practice that is against the ethics of examination. It is also an act of dis respect to all rules and regulations guiding the good conduct of any examination or any evaluation process.
Inciting Soyele, Olushola (2006) stressed that examination malpractice is not a new phenomenon in Nigeria, as well as other parts of the world. The first examination malpractice in Nigeria was reported in 1914, when there was a leakage of question paper of the Senior Cambridge Local Examination. The most pronounced malpractice in Nigeria in early examinations was that of 1964 that was tagged “Expo†and subsequently in 1970, 1973, 1974, 1979, 1981, 1988 and 1991 Olushola, cited by Oladope, (1997). Olushola went further to use the words of a former Nigerian President, Chief Olusegun Obasanjo, who said that students in the country perceived education as a means of getting a meal ticket and getting a job. The President further argued that this perception or orientation must change so that students would appreciate the intrinsic value of education, which is the total development of the individual to be able to make meaningful contributions to the family, community and the country at large.
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ABSRACT - [ Total Page(s): 1 ]ABSTRACT coming soon ... Continue reading---
APPENDIX A - [ Total Page(s): 2 ]UNIVERSITY OF ILORININSTITUTE OF EDUCATIONDEPARTMENT OF EDUCATIONAL MANAGEMENTEXAMINATION MALPRACTICES STRATEGIES AND STUDENTS ACADEMIC PERFORMANCE QUESTIONNAIRE (EMSSAPQ).Dear Respondent,This questionnaire is designed to collect information on examination malpractices strategies and students academic performance in senior secondary schools in Ilorin West Local Government Area Kwara State.Your co-operation in supplying needed information is highly sought for the information collected will be use ... Continue reading---
CHAPTER ONE - [ Total Page(s): 5 ]Purpose of the Study The main
purpose of this study is to investigate the influence of examination
malpractice strategies on student academic performance in Senior Public
Secondary Schools Ilorin West Local Government. Specifically, the purposes are to:i. Examine the factor responsible for examination malpractices among senior secondary school students;ii. Investigate forms of examinationmalpractices common among senior secondary school student;iii. Find out the eff ... Continue reading---
CHAPTER THREE - [ Total Page(s): 1 ]CHAPTER THREERESEARCHMETHOD This chapter deals with the methodology used in carrying out the study. It describes the design used in carrying out the study, area of the study, the population of the study, sample and sampling techniques, the instrument used in data collection, validation and reliability of the instrument and method of data collection and data analysis.Research Design This study is a descriptive survey design aimed at identifying the innovative strategies for student ac ... Continue reading---
CHAPTER FOUR - [ Total Page(s): 6 ]Testing of Research Hypotheses This section provide detail analysis of the hypothesis formulated for the study, the hypotheses were tested at 0.05 level of significance using t-test statistics. HO1: There is no significant difference in the perception of male and female students on factors responsible for examination malpractice in Senior Secondary School in Ilorin West Local Government.Table 2 shows the result of the difference between the male and female students on factors ... Continue reading---
CHAPTER FIVE - [ Total Page(s): 1 ]CHAPTER FIVESUMMARY CONCLUSION AND RECOMMENDATIONSSummary The research work was conducted to investigate into examination malpractices strategies and students academic performance in senior secondary schools in Ilorin West Local Government Area Kwara State. A population sample of 200 students was randomly selected across 10 randomly selected senior secondary school in Ilorin West Local Government Area, Kwara State. A descriptive research design of survey type was adopted for the study; three res ... Continue reading---
REFRENCES - [ Total Page(s): 1 ]REFERENCESAdamu, H. (2008). Indiscipline in Nigeria institutions: Causes, effects and solution in Ehioruwa, A.O. (Ed). Etiology Effect and control of Malignancies in Nigeria Education, pp. 13-22. Zaria: CPSE Publishers.Adamu, M. (2001). Examination malpractice†A paper presented at the 4th Annual special and prize given day ceremony of Federal Government College, Daura, Katsina State.Adekale, A. (2003). Incidence and causes of examination malpractices among students Nigerian Journal of Edu ... Continue reading---
