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The Effect Of Government, Community And Private Sector On Early Childhood Education
[A CASE STUDY OF ILORIN SOUTH LOCAL GOVERNMENT AREA, KWARA STATE]
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Nigeria’s National Policy on Education has made some tremendous achievements in the area of the official recognition of pre-primary level of education in the policy document and this has made it possible for the establishment of pre-primary schools in Nigeria. This has raised the status of pre-primary education to the lime light and it is no longer a backyard issue. As rightly stated by Maduewesi (1992) that recognition of the importance of pre-primary education by the federal government has led to a new awareness of the importance of young children as a group requiring and desiring care. The government stated that it will encourage private efforts in the provision of pre-primary education. Today private individuals have been allowed to set up nursery schools.
For most children, interior of the home and its immediate surroundings are the first environments they experience throughout their early years. Young children, spend the majority of their time in the home. Home environments have been shown to be a major factor that influences the overall development of children. Within the home, children also have their early interactions with the members of their family, and availability and quality of resources for learning and playing largely determine the nature of these interactions. Availability of stimulating objects, books and play materials within the home are critical indicators for the overall quality of the home environment. In the past, research on the physical environment of homes and communities primarily focused on environmental hazards, environmental stress and impacts of poverty. This body of research strongly indicated that physical aspects of the home such as cleanliness, water, noise and pollution influence the overall health and development of children.
1.2 Statement of the Problem
Early childhood education is a type of education provided for children 0-3 years in Day Care Centres and for children 3years to less than 6 years in Nursery schools (Uzodinma & Akinware, 2001).It is a community-based, low-cost project for the holistic development of the child from 0-6 years. National Association for the Education of Young Children-NAEYC (1991) defines ECE as the education of young children from birth through age eight. It is a comprehensive approach to policies and programs for children from birth to eight years of age. The purpose of Early Child Education is to protect the child’s rights to develop his or her full cognitive, emotional, social and physical potentials. It could be at home, a day-care centre, playgroup/crèche, nursery, kindergarten and lower primary. Osanyin (2012) highlighted other terms often used interchangeably with Early Childhood Education (ECE) which include: Early Childhood Learning (ECL), Early Childhood Care (ECC), Early Childhood Development (ECD), Early Childhood Care and Education (ECCE), Early Child Care Development and Education (ECCDE) and Early Care (EC).
According to Wall, Litjens and Taguma (2015), Quality is the most significant factor underlying the degree and the persistence of the impact of early childhood education. It was noted that international studies have differing perspectives on what constitutes quality, but some common components can be found (OECD, 2012). Structural quality refers to aspects such as class size, teacher-child ratio, formal staff qualification levels and size of the setting (Anders, 2015), while process quality focuses on the processes in early childhood education settings. A salient factor affecting process quality is context, and in particular, the interactions a young child experiences with his/her direct environment (Litjens and Taguma, 2010cited in Wall, Litjens and Taguma, 2015), as well as with space and materials (Anders, 2015). Quality is a relatively value-based concept that is wholly constructed and subjective. Hence, there is no single model of early childhood education that is effective in all settings. However, there is a general acceptance that programmes that benefit young children must be of quality that is embedded within their families’ cultures and values (Olaleye, Florence & Omotayo, 2009).
The researcher is therefore out to find the contribution of the government, community and private sector to early childhood education in view of its quality.
1.3 Purpose of the study
The broad objective of this study is to critically examine the effect of the government, community and private sector on early child education in Nigeria, specifically in the geographical location of Ilorin South, Kwara State. The specific objectives are to:
• examine the level at which the early childhood education is being implemented in Ilorin South Local Government Area, Kwara state.
• examine the contributions of government, private sector and community on ECCE in Ilorin South local Government Area, Kwara state.
• examine how the level of Early Childhood Education can be strengthened in Ilorin South Local Government Area, Kwara state.
1.4 Research Questions
The following questions were raised to guide this study:
1) What is the level of early child education in Ilorin South Local Government Area of Kwara State?
2) Does the contribution of government have any significant effect on early childhood education in Ilorin South Local Government Area of Kwara State?
3) Does the contribution of community have any significant effect on early childhood education in Ilorin South Local Government Area of Kwara State?
4) Does the contribution of private sector have any significant effect on early childhood education in Ilorin South Local Government Area of Kwara State?
1.5 Scope and limitations of the study
This study is concerned with the effect of the government, community and private sector on early child education in Nigeria. This study is limited to public primary schools in Ilorin South Local Government Area of Kwara State, due to the limited resources available to the researcher.
1.6 Definition of Terms
In order to avoid any ambiguity, the following terms are defined in the context that they are used in this study.
Government: A government is the system or group of people governing an organized community, often a state. In the case of its broad associative definition, government normally consists of legislature, administration, and judiciary.
Community: A community is a small or large social unit (a group of living things) who has something in common, such as norms, religion, values, or identity.
Private sector: The Private Sector is the part of the economy, sometimes referred to as the citizen sector, which is run by private individuals or groups, usually as a means of enterprise for profit, and is not controlled by the State.
Effect: a change which is a result or consequence of an action or other cause.
Early Childhood Care Education: This refers to educational system that precedes primary education in Nigeria’s educational system.
Education: Education is the process of facilitating learning, or the acquisition of knowledge, skills, values, beliefs, and habits. Educational methods include storytelling, discussion, teaching, training, and directed research.
L.G.E.A: Local Government Area.
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ABSRACT - [ Total Page(s): 1 ]ABSTRACTThe purpose of the study was to find out the effect of Government, Community and Private Sector on the Early Childhood Education in Ilorin South Local Government Area of Kwara State. A total of 102 questionnaires were distributed to teachers in six (6) randomly selected primary schools. Descriptive and influential statistics were used to analyze the data collected. The finding of the study reveals that, government (at all levels), community and private sector’s, contribution have ... Continue reading---
LIST OF TABLES - [ Total Page(s): 1 ]LIST OF TABLESTable 1: Distribution of questionnaire among Selected schools in Ilorin South Local Government Table 2: Respondent by sexTable 3: Respondents year of service Table 4: Contribution of Government to Early Childhood Education in Ilorin-South LGA Table 5:Contribution of Community to Early Childhood Education in Ilorin South LGA Table 6:Contribution of Private Sector to Early Childhood Education in Ilorin South LGA ... Continue reading---
LIST OF FIGURES - [ Total Page(s): 1 ]LIST OF FIGURESFigure 1: Graph showing the percentage of Occurrence of Teachers Qualification ... Continue reading---
TABLE OF CONTENTS - [ Total Page(s): 1 ]TABLE OF CONTENTS CONTENT PAGESTitle page Approval page Dedication Acknowledgement Abstract Table of contents List of tables List of figures CHAPTER ONE: INTRODUCTION 1.1 Background of Study 1.2 Statement of the problem 1.3 Purpose of the study 1.4 Research Question 1.5 Scope and limitat ... Continue reading---
CHAPTER TWO - [ Total Page(s): 5 ]CHAPTER TWOREVIEW OF RELATED LITERATURE This chapter focused on the review of related literature. The exercise was done following these sub- themes:• The concept of Early Childhood Education.• The contribution and effect of Government, Community and Private Sector to Early Childhood Education.• The challenges facing the implementation of Early Childhood Education.Education is increasingly attracting more attention all over the world as the bedrock of hum ... Continue reading---
CHAPTER THREE - [ Total Page(s): 2 ] A total of 102 questionnaires were distributed to six (6) primary
school Teachers and were returned. The distribution and return and the
percentage of allocation of questionnaires to each school is shown in
the table below. 3.7 Method of Data Analysis The completed questionnaire forms were collected, coded and analyzed using both descriptive and inferential statistics. Descriptive statistics of frequency, percentage and bar charts were used to analyze section A of the questi ... Continue reading---
CHAPTER FOUR - [ Total Page(s): 8 ]Statistics in Table 3 shows that 59 (57.8.5%) respondents had served between 1-10 years, 24 (23.53%) had served as a teacher in the range 10 -19 years, 8 (7.84%) served between 20-29 years while 11 (10.78%) had served 30 years and above. Therefore, they were in a better position to provide information about the effect on the government, community and private sectors on early child education in Ilorin South Local Government Area of Kwara State.Figure 1: Percentage of Occurrence of Teachers ... Continue reading---
CHAPTER FIVE - [ Total Page(s): 1 ]CHAPTER FIVESUMMARY, CONCLUSION AND RECOMMENDATIONS5.1 Summary The research sought to find the effect of Government, Community and Private sector on the early child education in Ilorin South Local Government Area of Kwara State in selected public pre-schools. The study was guided by research objectives and research questions that were formulated from the research objectives. The research instruments were designed guided by the research questions. Questionnaires were issued to the responden ... Continue reading---
REFRENCES - [ Total Page(s): 2 ]REFERENCESAAPOR (2011). America Association for Public Opinion Research, 111 Deer Lake Road, Suite 100, Deerfield USAsAhmed, A.F.S (2000). An Appraisal of Physical Facilities for Science Education. Ilorin. Journal of Vocational and Technical Studies (VOCTECH), Vol.2, (1), Dec. pp 244-259.Alatorre, S. (2009).Redefining School and Community Relations: Teachers Perceptions of Parents as Participants and Stakeholders in Education. London: Penguin Publishers.Anders, Y. (2015), Literature Review on Pe ... Continue reading---
