School Population And Academic Performance Of Basic School Students
[A CASE STUDY OF ILORIN SOUTH LOCAL GOVERNMENT AREA, KWARA STATE]

CHAPTER TWO
Literature Review
The chapter is concerned with the review of related literature consulted in the process of this study. The review will be based on the following sub-headings.
-    Concept of Universal Basic Education
-    Concept of School Population
-    Factors affecting School Population
-    Effects of School Population
-    Concept of students Academic Performance
-    Appraisal of Literature Review.
Concept of Universal Education
    The concept of the universal basic education may not be a new idea totally, from all indications, the universal education can be regarded as an off shoot of the universal primary education (UPE) scheme which was launched in the country in 1976. As usual which Nigeria, this scheme was abandoned mid-way (Aluede, 2006). The fact that the scheme i.e UPE had something to offer perhaps led to the re-introduction of the programme in another concept name known as universal Basic Education in 1999. The Universal Basic Education (UBE) is a policy reformed measure of the federal government of Nigeria, aimed at rectifies distortions in the basic education. UBE is conceived to embrace formal education up to age 15 as well as adult and non-formal education including education of the marginalized group within the Nigerian society. The national policy on education 2004 section 3 defines basic education as a type of education comprising 6 years of primary education and 3 years of junior secondary school. The policy stipulates that the education shall be free and compulsory. This scheme shall include adult and non-formal educational programmes at primary and junior secondary school level for both adult and out of school youths. The UBE has three main components; Universal, Basic and education. Universal here means the programme is for everyone irrespective of tribe, culture or race and class (Aluede, 2006: Eddy and Akpan). The term basic depicts that which is a fundamental or essential thing that must be given or had. It is on this factor that every other thing rest on. Without it, nothing may be achieved. It is the root for acquisition of any knowledge (Eddy and Akpan, 2009). Hence UBE can be seen as the type of education that every individuals must have. It should not be a privilege but a right and it should be the sum total of an individual’s experiences.
    Universal Basic Evacuation’s mission is to serve as a prime energizer of national movement for actualization of the nation’s UBE’s vision, working in concert with all stakeholders. This will mobilize the nation’s creative energy to ensure that education for all becomes the responsibilities for all (UBEC Annual Report). The UBEC in its annual reporting 2005 listed the objectives of the UBE to include: ensuring unfettered access to 9 years of formal basic education for every Nigerian child of school going age, reducing drastically the incidence of drop out from the formal school system, through improved relevance, quality and efficiency and ensuring the acquisition of appropriate levels of literacy, numeracy, manipulative, communicative and life skills as well as the ethical, moral and civic values needed for laying a solid foundation and life-long learning.
Concept of School Population
    Population is conceived as all the organizations that belong to the same geographical area, and inter-breeding are possible between any pair within the area, (Ojo, 2000), population is the totality of the people comprising both citizens and other nationalities residing in the country as embodied in a statistical investigation per unit of time (Akande and Azike, 2006). Similarly, Adebola (2004) explained population as a phenomenon that describer the people living in a geographical are quantitatively with emphasis on these demographic characteristics and concluded that population is a term used to determine the number of people living in an area.
    Fawole and Adebibu (2006) traced the school enrolment ton the area of missionary education in Nigerian. According to them, the enrolment in the schools were minimal in view at the conditionality attached to children going to school and such conditions include converting to Christianity. Defining school population. (Bolarinwa, 2002) explained that the entre pupils, teaching and non-teaching staff constitute the school population. He said that the population are made up of the pupils of various age, religion race and socio-economic strata.