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Parents Teachers Association And Secondary School Adminisration
[A CASE STUDY OF KWARA STATE, NIGERIA.]
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CHAPTER TWO
REVIEW OF RELATED LITERATURE
This chapter reviewed related literatures that were relevant to this study. The chapter provided theoretical and conceptual findings for this research, in the literature review, the work related to Parents Teachers Association and Secondary School Administration will be discussed under the following sub-headings:
1. Theoretical Background of the study
2. The Roles of Parents at Home
3. The Roles of the Teachers
4. The Importance of PTA as a joint body in Secondary School
5. Students’ observance of school Rules and Regulations
6. Definition of Parents Teachers Association
7. Origin of Parents Teachers Association
8. Aims of Parents Teachers Association
9. Functions and Achievement of Parents Teachers Association
10. Who is a Teacher?
11. Qualities of a Good Teacher
Theoretical Background of the Study
The study is designed to look into the influence of Parents Teachers Association and the Secondary School Administration in Oyun Local Government Area, Kwara State. The theoretical background of this project has to do with some management theories such as motivation and attitude change. These theories are relevant to the variables involved in this study.
Maslow’s theory of motivation stated that human beings are motivated by unsatisfied needs and that certain lower needs, need to be satisfied before higher needs can be addressed; these needs include physical, safety, social and self- actualization needs. It is important that Parents Teachers Association understand which needs are active for individual people (Teachers and Students).
Huilt (2007), explained Maslow’s theory of motivation further said that self-actualization people are characterized by some factors which include: Problems focused appreciation of life, personal growth, peak experience, cognitive factors, self-actualization and self transcendence. Looking at all these needs under this theory, if the students and teachers lack them, the tendency for teachers to develop negative attitude towards teaching and students to develop less reading habit is imminent and eventually, this will lead to poor or low quality education.
Theories on attitude change also fit into this study. When teachers needs are not met, and students’ reading habit dwindle, they can bring about poor students’ academic performance. Charles and Percy cognitive theory said that attitude change depends on two factors of communication and the attitude towards the message itself. Fritz balance theory saw attitude change as involving relationship among one’s attitude towards a person and on issue and other individual towards the same issues.
These theories expose how motivation and attitude change can actually bring changes in human beings either negative to positive or positive to negative. This can also explain how Parents Teachers Association participation in the secondary school administration can make or mar the quality of education received in secondary schools.
The Roles of Parents At Home
Anwanbor (2005), asserts that nothing helps students succeed like an involved parent. A little willingness from students’ parents can work wonders in the classroom; in school as in life, consistent support and motivation from parents is crucial to sustaining the student’s confidence and sense of achievement.Parents play four distinct roles in motivating interest in their child’s education: Cheer leader, Friend, Teacher and enforcer, an understanding of these roles can help parent in helping their children to withstand the challenges of learning. These roles and others are highly imperative because the home determines how the child learns in school. A dictum say charity begins at home, but does not end there. The school only support the home since the home starts the training to be continued through the student life time, for students to perform better in school, parents should be a Cheer Leader.
Students thrive on encouragement. It is just as important to support a student who doesn’t perform well, as it is to congratulate them for success; real learning is not based on reward but n value your child place on the process itself.
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ABSRACT - [ Total Page(s): 1 ]ABSTRACTThe study investigates the Parents Teachers Association and Secondary School Administration in Kwara State, Nigeria. Many factors give rise to the formation of Parents Teachers Association (PTA) in Public Secondary Schools in Kwara State. Lacks of school facilities; shortage of manpower, as a result of increase in population of students and inadequate provision of school materials for students necessitate the formation of Parents Teachers Association.Self –designed questionnaires ... Continue reading---
APPENDIX A - [ Total Page(s): 2 ] ... Continue reading---
TABLE OF CONTENTS - [ Total Page(s): 1 ]TABLE OF CONTENTSTitle Page Certification Dedication Acknowledgement Abstract Table of Contents CHAPTER ONE: INTRODUCTIONBackground of the Study Statement of the Problem Purpose of the Study Research Questions Significance of the Study Scope of the Study Definition of Terms CHAPTER TWO: REVIEW OF RELATED LITERATUREReview of Related Literature Theoretical background of the Study The Role ... Continue reading---
CHAPTER ONE - [ Total Page(s): 3 ]This research work focuses on the roles of Parents Teachers Association in the administration of Secondary Schools in Kwara State. This research work covers all the 21 Public Secondary school inOyun Local Government Area, Kwara State as stated below:1. Oyun Local Government Secondary School, Ilemona2. Erin-Ile Secondary School, Erin-Ile3. Ira Grammar School, Ira4. Christ Comprehensive School, Erin-Ile5. Oyun Baptist High School, Ijagbo6. Emmanuel J ... Continue reading---
CHAPTER THREE - [ Total Page(s): 2 ]Research Instrument(S)The basic instruments used to collect data in this study were questionnaires. The questionnaires were in two folds; (1) the students’ perceptive on the Parents Teachers Association and Secondary School Administration in Oyun Local Government Area of Kwara State and (2) the teachers’ perceptive on the Parents Teachers Association and Secondary School Administration in Oyun Local Government Area of Kwara State.Validity and Reliability of the Instrument(S)Val ... Continue reading---
CHAPTER FOUR - [ Total Page(s): 6 ]Discussion of Results This section gives detailed explanations on the various findings discovered from the research questions. For instance, the findings on the research question one which states that what the extent of parents’ involvement is in the academic process of students revealed that parents are moderately involve in the academic process of students. The finding of the study is similar to that of Obasi&Asodike (2007) who pointed out that since there is no government financial pre ... Continue reading---
CHAPTER FIVE - [ Total Page(s): 2 ]Recommendations From the findings and conclusion of this study, the following recommendations were made:1. Appointments of PTA should be from among people of integrity and competence with a minimum requirement of secondary education. 2. The PTA should be moderate in administrative processes in order to facilitate effective teaching and learning. 3. The ministry of education in Nigeria should formulate relevant policies to enable school PTA to be more useful in management. ... Continue reading---
REFRENCES - [ Total Page(s): 1 ]REFERENCESAdams N. “Secondary School Management today†London. Wellbourne Sydney, Auckland Johannesburg, Hutchinson Ltd, Clando Place.Abiola A.O. (1967), “The Place of PTA as a Cooperating body in the School Systemâ€. Teacher Forum Vol 6.Abdulkareem A.Y (1988). “The Teacher as a Manager, Ilorin Journal of Education. Ilorin-Nigeria: Haytee Publishers and Co[Adeyemo P.A. (1995): “Principles and Practice of Educationâ€, Ile-Ife: University of Ife Press. ... Continue reading---
