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Professional Development Programmes And Teachers’ Effectiveness
[A CASE STUDY OF ILORIN-WEST LOCAL GOVERNMENT AREA SECONDARY SCHOOLS, KWARA STATE]
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CHAPTER TWO
REVIEW OF RELATED LITERATURE
The literature review is a systematic analysis of information about the problem being studied. However, the review of related literature will be discussed under the following themes respectively.
- Concept of professional development programmes
- Need for Professional Development of Teachers
- Importance of professional development programmes
- Concept of teacher effectiveness
- Factors that can affect teacher effectiveness
- Student academic performance in secondary schools
- Conceptual framework of the study
- Empirical studies
- Appraisal of the literature reviewed
Concept of Professional Development Programmes
According to Odden, Archibald, Fermanich and Gallager (2002), effective professional development programmes for teacher produces change in teacher's instructional practices which can be linked to improvement in student academic achievement. This therefore implies that teacher development practices are effective motivational strategies for skill and knowledge acquisition that enhanced teachers’ job performance.
Opadokun (2007) opines that, teacher professional development are activities engaged in by school, intellectual and career objectives that are perceived as essential to the goals of the students and society. Alibi (2002) states that the immediate aim of professional development is to improve the performance of those with teaching and management responsibilities while the ultimate aim is improvement of teaching and learning. It is therefore, very important that staffs within the school system are developed from time to time, to improve their job knowledge, skill and future performance. As a result of increasing knowledge about how learning occurs, new teaching techniques are constantly emerged of which a classroom teacher must keep abreast with. The teachers’ method of teaching will remain static if they are not exposed to new ideas through different staff development programmes.
Development focuses on preparing diverse employees for greater responsibilities and advancement. Cole (2005) saw development as a continuing improvement of effectiveness within a particular system, which may be person, but in the case of management it is within the management function of an organization. It is also a gradual growth of staff, so that, he becomes more advanced, stronger and confident on his job. Micheal (2001) opined that development is the process of improving the quality of human lives, which has three important aspects:
• Raising people's living levels, heir income and consumption level of food, medical services and education through relevant economic growth process.
• Creating conditions conducive to the growth of people's self-esteem through the establishment of social, political and economic system and institutions that promote human dignity and respect.
• Increasing people's freedom by enlarging the range of their choice variables, as by increasing varieties of consumer goods and services (p. 48).
John (2002) saw development as a criterion of effectiveness that refers to theorization’s ability to increase its responsiveness to current and future environment demands. Terry (2005) advocated that the effect of development is that there is increased competition for virtually every product, commodity or service. To meet up with this target, human capital must be developed. Thus, human capital are the men and women employees who work in a particular organization for the purpose of achieving the organisations’ set goals and objectives. Human capital is also seen as a group of officers appointed to assist a civil executive. These definitions give us the fundamental clue to staff development.
Human capital development is the provision of activities designed to advance participants' thinking in knowledge, understanding and skills; it is a comprehensive and continuous process of professional growth and self-actualization that benefits staff, the organization, students and ultimately he community (Omaha, 2002). Janice (2007) opined that human capital development is a high quality professional development, which refers to rigorous and relevant content strategies and organizational support that ensure the preparation and carrier-long development and learning environment. Staff development is no longer viewed as something that is only necessary or teachers alone, it was recognized that everyone who affects students' learning, from the board of education central office, administrators, principals, teachers and parents must continually improve their knowledge and skills in order to ensure students' learning.
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ABSRACT - [ Total Page(s): 1 ]ABSTRACTThe teachers are the key actors in the effectiveness of secondary school education. It is therefore important to ensure that they perform their roles as expected towards the achievement of educational goals and objectives. Descriptive research design was adopted for this study. There are 702 teachers working in public secondary schools in Ilorin West Local Government Area of Kwara State shall be the target population of this study. 310 teachers was randomly selected out of 702 teachers i ... Continue reading---
TABLE OF CONTENTS - [ Total Page(s): 1 ]TABLE OF CONTENTSTitle page CertificationDedicationAcknowledgmentsAbstract Table of contents CHAPTER ONEINTRODUCTIONBackground to the Study Statement of the ProblemPurpose of the Study Research QuestionsResearch Hypotheses Significance of the Study Scope of the Study Operational Definition of TermsCHAPTER TWOREVIEW OF RELATED LITERATUREConcept of professional development programmesNeed for Professional Development of Teachers Importance of professional development programmes Concept of teacher ... Continue reading---
CHAPTER ONE - [ Total Page(s): 3 ]Statement of the Problem   Studies found challenges ahead teachers’ professional development and their effectiveness at school. Osho (2012) stresses that poor remunerations of teachers affect their professional development leading to the abandonment of their profession, no meaningful intellectual programme on the professional development of teachers with the various wars, political crises around the world, the new cultures of gay, lesbianism, and globalization as a form of western mod ... Continue reading---
CHAPTER THREE - [ Total Page(s): 1 ]CHAPTER THREERESEARCH METHODOLOGYThe aim of this research work is to investigate in details the relationship between professional development programmes and teachers' effectiveness in secondary schools in Ilorin-west LGA. Kwara State. This chapter deals with the steps that were used in carrying out this study. The methodology is discussed under the following sub-headings;•   Research Design•   Population, Sample and Sampling Techniques•   Instrumentation•   ... Continue reading---
CHAPTER FOUR - [ Total Page(s): 6 ]Table 7 revealed that the p-value (0.000) is less than the level of significance of 0.05. Since the p-value is less than the level of significance, the hypothesis which states that there is no significant relationship between attendance of workshops and teachers’ effectiveness in Ilorin-west Local Government Area secondary schools, Kwara state is therefore rejected. Hence there is significant relationship between attendance of workshops and teachers’ effectiveness in Ilorin-west Lo ... Continue reading---
CHAPTER FIVE - [ Total Page(s): 1 ]CHAPTER FIVESUMMARY OF FINDINGS, CONCLUSIONS AND RECOMMENDATIONSIntroductionThis chapter deals with the summary of findings, conclusions and recommendation arising from the analysis of the data collected from the responses.Summary of FindingsThe following are the summary of findings1.   There is significant relationship between staff training and secondary school teachers’ effectiveness in Ilorin-west LGA, Kwara state.2.   There is significant relationship between attendance of hi ... Continue reading---
REFRENCES - [ Total Page(s): 2 ]REFERENCESAbdul, Z.O. (2002). Searching for Excellence in Teacher Education in Nigeria College of Education. Ilorin Journal of Arts and Social Sciences (1), AAA3 (1), 256-262.Abdulkareem, A.Y. (1997). Teacher Educators’ Perception of Ideal Teachers. International Journal of Educational Management 2 (1), 56-58.Adebayo, A.O. (2003). Effectiveness Management of Teachers in Secondary Schools. Ilorin. Unpublished PGDE Project Ondo State University. Ado Ekiti.Adepoju, T.L (1999). The Gap betwee ... Continue reading---
