Also, Barnyak & McNelly (2009) in a joint work titled " An urban
school district's parent involvement: A study of teachers' and
administrators' beliefs and practices" examined the practices and
beliefs of administrators and teachers regarding parent involvement in
an urban school district following the first year of the implementation
of an action plan based on six national standards for parent
involvement. The instrument used for this study was adapted from "The
Parent Involvement Inventory" published by the Illinois State Board of
Education in 1994. The results of this study showed a mismatch between
teachers' and administrators' beliefs and practices about parent
involvement. Although teachers and administrators have strong beliefs
about parent involvement and its importance in strengthening students’
achievement, what they practise in their schools and classrooms is not
congruent with these beliefs.
Appraisal of the Literature Reviewed
This chapter shows the work of many authors which are relevant to this study. In the course of the review, the researchers considered and thoroughly looked into the work of various authors, scholars, and researchers who one time or the other had studied into any of the variables of the identified for the study. Their findings, comments and observations were reviewed and reported. In the review, the researcher has tried to explain the components of socio-economic status which are occupation, education and income as important tools of academic achievement.