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Preservice Economics Teachers Perception And Attitude Towards The Use Of Computer-based Test For Assessment
[A CASE STUDY OF UNIVERSITY OF ILORIN]
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CHAPTER TWO
REVIEW OF RELATED LITERATURE
This chapter is to identify some available works, studies and opinions on concepts which are relevant to computer-based and paper-based tests as a means of administering test. The literature reviewed is discussed under the following sub-heading:
1. Evaluation and Students Learning
2. Meaning and Types of Computer-Based Test
3. Pre-Service Teachers’ Perception of Computer-Based Test
4. Pre-Service Teachers’ Attitude Towards Computer-Based Test
5. Appraisal of Reviewed Literature
Evaluation and Students Learning
Evaluation is a household word in the field and practice of education which has been defined as a systematic process of judging the worth, desirability effectiveness or adequacy of something according to definite criteria and purposes. The judgment is based on a careful comparison of observation data with criteria standardsJoshua (2004). Evaluationisaqualitativedescriptionofpupilbehaviour(Jim&Sean,2006). Italso concernsdetermining thequalityof the curriculum,facilities and performance oflearners,usingvarioustools.Itisasystematiccollection ofinformationfor useinjudgingtheworth ofaprogramme, product, procedure,or objective;or thepotentialutilityof alternative approaches designedtoattain specificobjectives(Joshua, 2004).
Evaluationis of differenttypesas classified according to CEE and IPU-MSU Webcast Workshop (2008) as diagnostics, formative and summative evaluation. Diagnostic Evaluation is another kind of evaluation which is more closely related to formative than the summative evaluation. In fact it is to be carried along with formative evaluation in the class. Sometimes, even the summative evaluation may be used for diagnostic purpose. The main purpose of diagnostic evaluation is to find out the underlying cause of weaknesses in a student's learning, but it is also needed even prior to instruction in order to place the student properly by looking at higher level of achievement.
Formativeevaluationisundertaken duringthe developmental stage of a programmeor during the teaching and learning process (Onuka, 2006).Obemeata(2005)alsoconcludedthatitisforthepurposeofguidingandassistingaprogrammeorlearningtoachieveitsobjective. Onasanya(2005) agreedthatitguidesand aids development andimplementation ofa programme.Formative evaluation provides constructive feedback to students during the course of learning so that they can modify and improve them. The feedback gives students an estimate of the value of their work as seen by others and it can motivate them to work further in reshaping their learning before finally submitting them. Formative evaluation is used to develop or improve students learning.
Summative evaluation is teachers’ evaluation of students’ learning after teaching and learning. The teacher’s task here is similar to that used in traditional testing where judgments are made. Summativeevaluation takesplaceat theend ofaprogram.This was why (Obemeata, 2005)pointedout that thepurposeof summative evaluationaretoprovideevidence tojudge the successorotherwiseofsuch programmes. Itsuggests appropriateactionconcerningwhethertocontinueor modifytheprogramme.AccordingtoOnuka(2006)therearedifferenttools forevaluationoutofwhichtest is one ofthe mostimportant as it helps students learning.
Evaluation includes systematic collection of information for that will be used in judging the worth of a programme, product, procedure, or objective; or the potential utility of alternative approaches designed to attain specific objectives. Evaluation as an act of making a judgment in the light of available evidence concerning the extent to which the desired values, goals, and objectives have been attained. A good evaluation should lead to encouraging and promoting improvement of learners being evaluated (Obemeata, 2005). According to Osman (2010), evaluation is an integral component of all systems of education at all processes. It is what enables educators, teaches, administrators, policy makers and the community have an idea of what is missing and what is available. Evaluation can be defined in two ways, depending on what we want to achieve at end of the exercise.
Evaluation helps in the process of taking a decision on programme outcome. Onuka sees, evaluation is eclectic and indeed diverse in nature, so it needs to often employ holistic approach in realizing its objectives and also a multiâ€stage process beginning with measurement, then assessment while climaxing the process. Evaluation is an exercise that every person does every blessed day of the entire of his/her life that takes decision.
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ABSRACT - [ Total Page(s): 1 ]ABSTRACT COMING SOON ... Continue reading---
APPENDIX A - [ Total Page(s): 2 ]APPENDIXUNIVERSITY OF ILORINFACULTY OF EDUCATIONINSTITUTE OF EDUCATIONQUESTIONNAIRE ON PRESERVICE ECONOMICS TEACHERS PERCEPTION AND ATTITUDE TOWARDS THE USE OF COMPUTER-BASED TEST FOR ASSESSMENT IN UNIVERSITY OF ILORINDear Respondent,The objective of this questionnaire is to elicit information on Pre-service economics teachers perception and attitude towards the use of computer-based test for assessment in university of Ilorin. The information provided will be treated as strictly confidential an ... Continue reading---
CHAPTER ONE - [ Total Page(s): 5 ]This study might as well enlighten lecturers on the uses of computer-based test and paper-based test.Examination bodies like the West African Examination Council, the National Examination Council and the Joint Admissions Matriculation Board may find the result of this study useful to them during their policy formulation and implementation with regards to test. The result of this study may prompt examination bodies in Nigeria to use computer-based test. Examinations and professional bodies will a ... Continue reading---
CHAPTER THREE - [ Total Page(s): 2 ]The research instrument wasvalidated by the researcher’s supervisor and
three lecturers from the Department of Social Science Education,
University of Ilorin, Nigeria. The face and contents validation of the
instrument was done to ensure that items in the questionnaire are
appropriate and suitable to assess exactly what it is meant for. The
reliability of the instrument was determined by administrating the
instrument on 10 randomly selected pre-service teachers from Social
S ... Continue reading---
CHAPTER FOUR - [ Total Page(s): 5 ]Summary of FindingThe following finding findings were derived from the study through research questions;1. Pre service Economics teachers’ perceived CBT to be usefulness for assessment in University of Ilorin.2. Pre service Economics teachers’ perceived CBT to be easy to use for assessment in University of Ilorin3. The attitude of Pre service Economics teachers’ towards the use of CBT for assessment in University of Ilorin is not positive. ... Continue reading---
CHAPTER FIVE - [ Total Page(s): 2 ]ConclusionIn light of this, the study discovered that though CBT is usefulness and easy to use but students still have a negative attitude towards it due to factors like anxiety and computer competency.RecommendationsBased on the findings and conclusions, the following recommendations were made:1. Nigerian universities should improve the efficiency of computer-based test to increase its credibility.2. Lecturer sand students should be encouraged on the use of computer- based test irre ... Continue reading---
