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Socio-economic Status Of Parents And Students’ Academic Performances
[A CASE STUDY OF LAGELU LOCAL GOVERNMENT AREA OYO STATE]
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CHAPTER TWO
REVIEW OF RELATED LITERATURE
This chapter deals with a review of related literature. The review was carried out under the following sub-headings.
1 Concept of socio-economic status.
2 Concept of academic performance.
3 Students’ academic performance in Nigeria.
4 Socio-economic status of parents and students’ academic performance.
5 Parental occupation and students’ academic performance.
6 Parental academic background and students’ academic performance.
7 Other factors affecting students’ academic performance as well as theoretical framework.
8 Empirical studies.
9 Appraisal of the literature review.
Concept of Socio-Economic Status.
Socio-economic status (SES) is often measured as a combination of education, income and occupation. It is commonly conceptualized as the social standing or class of an individual or group. When viewed through a social class lens, privilege, power and control are emphasized.
Socioeconomic status is also seen as an economic and sociological combined total measure of a person's work experience and of an individual's or family's economic and social position in relation to others, based on income, education, and occupation, when analysing a family's socioeconomic status, the household income, earner's education and occupation are examined, as well as combined income, whereas for an individual's socioeconomic status only their own attributes are assessed (Odoemana & Opara, 2010).
Socio-economic status is typically broken into three levels (high, middle, and low) to describe the three places a family or an individual may fall into. When placing a family or individual into one of these categories, any or all of the three variables (income, education, and occupation) can be assessed. Research indicates that children from low -SES households and communities develop academic skills more slowly compared to children from higher SES groups (Morgan, Farkas, Hillemeir & Maczuga, 2009). Initial academic skills are correlated with the home environment, where low literacy environments and chronic stress negatively affect a child's pre-academic skills. The school systems in low - SES communities are often under resourced, negatively affecting student's academic progress (Aikens & Barbarian, 2008). Inadequate education and increased dropout rates affect children's academic achievement, perpetuating the low - SES status of the community. Improving school systems and early intervention programs may help to reduce these risk factors, and thus increased research on the correlation between socio-economic status and academic performance is essential.
Concept of Academic Performance
Academic performance and Academic Achievement as a concept has been used inter-changeably to describe the outcome obtained by students from the educational system they had passed through. According to the Oxford Advance Learner's Dictionary, achievement simply refers to, a situation where something has been done successfully by using efforts and skills.
Academic achievement can be continuously used as an academic performance. Harrison (2003) sees academic achievement as, the level of individual's attainment on tasks. In every field of activity, systematic thinking in an important component to success. Ability to apply intelligence means to solve problems that confront one. Therefore, academic achievement can be regarded as, the score obtained in an academic test. Plato postulates that, mental training in mathematics and philosophy was the conduct of public affairs. Academic achievement is synonymous to the theory of intellectualism. Intelligence is the capacity to act with dependable insight to solve problems of all kind. The concern of man has been on how to improve his intelligence unlike other creatures.
Aristotle had observed that, the faculties which man had in common with other animals are the vegetation, appetitive, sensory and locomotion but the dignity of man rests on his reasoning faculty. Intelligence is a product of learning. People respect those who obviously are defective having the same potentiality to learn. The rate of ability to learn is what Herbert (2000) referred to as "Appreciation". He postulated that, perception is a process of relating new ideas to restore the old mental storage remains in the level while incompatible ideas stored to struggle in order to submerge others out of conscious level.
Ebugbulem (2000) sees academic achievement as, something which is designed to measure how much an individual has accomplished on a course of instruction or training. He asserted that, test given by a class teacher which determines how much a student has learned after a lesson; is an achievement test. e.g. West African School Certificate (WAEC) Examination (now Senior Secondary Certificate Examination (SSCE), NECO, NABTEB, JAMB among others are all achievement tests. In any school system, these achievement tests are used in measuring the performance of students. Another worthwhile dimension through which schools achievement can be considered on the psychological grounds.
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ABSRACT - [ Total Page(s): 1 ]ABSTRACTThis study examined socio-economic status of parents and students' academic performance in Lagelu Local Government Area, Oyo state. The researcher adopted descriptive survey of correlational type. The study used random sampling technique to select ten public secondary schools out of twenty-six secondary schools. Stratified random sampling technique was used to select two hundred respondents. A research questionnaire titled “Socio-Economic Status of Parents Questionnaire (SESPQ) and ... Continue reading---
APPENDIX A - [ Total Page(s): 1 ]APPENDIXQUESTIONNAIREUNIVERSITY OF ILORINFACULTY OF EDUCATIONDEPARTMENT OF EDUCATIONAL MANAGEMENTDear Respondents,   I am a final year student of the above named school. I am conducting a research on the topic SOCIO-ECONOMIC STATUS OF PARENTS AND STUDENTS’ ACADEMIC PERFORMANCE in which your school is one of the school selected for this study. Please you are required to supply useful information on the subject matter and therefore, you are expected to answer the questions attached.  ... Continue reading---
TABLE OF CONTENTS - [ Total Page(s): 1 ]TABLE OF CONTENTTitle Page Certification Dedication Acknowledgment  Table of Content                                                                                                  Abstract CHAPTER ONE: INTRODUCTION                                                                                     Backgr ... Continue reading---
CHAPTER ONE - [ Total Page(s): 3 ]Scope of the StudyThe study will be confined to senior secondary school three (S.S.S. Three) Students in Lagelu Local Government Area, Oyo State. The geographical scope of the study will be limited to students in Lagelu Local Government Area, Oyo state. The respondents would be selected from 10 secondary schools. The variables scope is educational status of parents, parents' occupation and family structure. The instrumental scope will be Socio-economic status of parents Questionnaire (SESPQ) and ... Continue reading---
CHAPTER THREE - [ Total Page(s): 1 ]CHAPTER THREERESEARCH METHODOLOGYIntroductionThis chapter presents in details, the steps taken in this study. It provides explanation on the study design considered appropriate for the investigation, the population, sample and sampling technique, instrumentation, validity and reliability of the instrument, procedure for data collection and method of data analysis.   Research designA good number of people in the target population should be reached for a study’s conclusions to be genera ... Continue reading---
CHAPTER FOUR - [ Total Page(s): 4 ]Summary of Findings(1)Â Â Â There was significant relationship between socio-economic status of parents and students' academic performance in Lagelu Local Government Area, Oyo state.(2)Â Â Â There was significant relationship between educational status of parents and students' academic performance in Lagelu Local Government Area, Oyo state.(3)Â Â Â There was significant relationship between parents' occupation and students' academic performance in Lagelu Local Government Area, Oyo state.(4)Â ... Continue reading---
CHAPTER FIVE - [ Total Page(s): 1 ]CHAPTER FIVEDISCUSSION, CONCLUSION AND RECOMMENDATIONSThis chapter presents discussion of findings, conclusion and recommendations made on the research carried out on socio-economic status of parents and students' academic performance in Lagelu Local Government Area, Oyo state. Discussion of Findings   Hypothesis one revealed that there was significant relationship between socio-economic status of parents and students' academic performance. This finding is in line with the findings of Odoema ... Continue reading---
REFRENCES - [ Total Page(s): 3 ]REFERENCESAbbas, A (2004). Relationship between parent education, occupation and academic achievement of senior secondary school. Unpublished M.Ed Thesis, Ahmadu Bello University, Zaria, Nigeria.Adegbile, R.F. 2009. The Role of Nigerian Teachers and Parents: A pre-requisite for efficient Dynamic Curriculum. Development. African Research Review. 3.1: 362-372.Adepoju, (2002). Locational factors as correlates of private cost and academic performance of secondary school students in Oyo State, Nige ... Continue reading---
