Handiwork
However, handwork and crafts were to have a specific task in the curriculum namely to awaken creative powers which would find fruitful and useful application in as many ways as possible in later life and work. The younger child learns by play to fashion simply toys, developing what he or she makes out of stories.
Handwork refers to the soft material work using mainly unprocessed raw materials. Handcraft includes clay, wood, paper, leather etc. craft is a specific type of work such as weaving, knifing, crocheting and embroidering. The pupils students find these interesting. The student can also involve in other handwork such as cushions clothes, came work basket work, hats and dresses.
When creativity and human needs come together, the pupil can take real responsibility for what he/she does in the workshop and may rightly experience that he/she has made a valuable contribution both in the social and economic life of his/her immediate environment
The principle can also see different handwork mentioned above as sources of income that are generated within the school as they can be displayed during an important occasion by the school.
Philanthropist
Most times, Philanthropist support has been a great to the school management. philanthropic programs or scholarships seek to give someone with a disadvantaged background or someone with particular skills or talents the chance to better themselves and contribute positively to society.
This is usually done by providing money to cover the costs of education and training. Some programs and scholarships also extend to paying for your living costs such as rent, utilities and food. Philanthropic programs and scholarships are not just limited to help you to excel in a particular area of your life. There are also philanthropic programs designed to help you to help serve the community better by providing you with a grant to start or continue a program or activity that benefits your community in some way
PTA LEVIES
This is another source to the school principal. Many schools have unusual sources of income: fees, interest on investment, local education foundations, booster clubs, private- public partnerships, and even ads on school buses, customized or personalized license plates, parking fees, and nonmonetary incentives. Although the list of imaginative ways to find new support is growing, the percentage contribution is still quite small.
Every secondary school has Parents Teachers Association that helps the state government in one form or the other in managing the affairs of the school. Normally, every student termly pays the PTA levy which is managed by the school authority in conjunction with the PTA officials. In many cases, PTA money is used in providing PTA teachers and some school facilities and repairs. Apart from provision of both human and material resources, PTA motivates both students and teachers by giving awards and scholarships to exceptional students and teachers. This goes a long way to encourage hard work and commitment in the school.
Concept of Administrative Effectiveness
Talking on principals’ communication skills and administrative effectiveness, Mbiti (2000) remarked that communication is the life blood of any organization. No institution can meet the need of its people without proper communication. Information has to flow from the school management to the staff and students, head of department must be briefed by the principals before disseminating the news to other members of staff and students. Principals should however make judicious use of communication skills to encourage good communication between the school and community, establish close relationship between parents by holding meeting with them at intervals, building parent teacher link. The importance of communication skills in administrative effectiveness of the principals cannot be over emphasized perhaps, that is why Morgan (2002) lamented that; possibly the most vital and fundamental element in the management process is based on working with people, which is done through some forms of communication. He stated further that the success of managerial actions depends to a large extent on the effective use of communication process. Nwankwo and Luisggel (2002), also stated that keeping everyone informed is a positive way of ensuring effective leadership, co-operation, co-ordination, support and commitment.
