2.5.4 Inadequacy of Transportation and Traveling Facilities
In the view of (Ogbonnaya 2000) in addition to lack of adequate staff, there is the problem of lack of vehicles to convey data to and from schools in their zones. In some instances, data collectors invest their money in such exercise, and the head office does not reimburse such money. Subsequent call on them to tour round schools to collect data without giving them enough money or vehicles fall on deaf ears. Since they must submit information in respect of their zones; they resort to amending old data or creating new information in their offices.
2.5.5 Lack of Thorough supervision by the Head Teacher
This can arise if a teacher records topics not taught under record of work covered in the diary. It is unethical to record what had not been taught. Some teachers make false entries in the time book, and staff movement register because such records are not effectively monitored by the school head. (Uwazurike 1991), maintained that untimely supply of records, lack of through supervision and funds, inadequate knowledge of record keeping, incessant alteration of records and role of conflict among school principals among others are the chief problems recorded to have associated with records keeping in school system.
2.5.6 Inadequate knowledge of Record Keepers for the use of Information from Records
If the information given are false or incomplete, it cannot give us the accurate information needed. Lack of thorough supervision by the head teacher, lead to destruction of poorly kept records by termites, flood or storm. This usually occurs as a result of keeping such records in wooden cup boards or on bare floors. Retrieval problems such as corruption of files by computer virus leading to distortion or complete erasure of stored data cause educational wastage. This may cause issue of having drop outs and repeaters in the school system, which is a loss in resources to the society. More so, at a time when the nation is struggling to meet its need in man power and increased demand for education as stressed by (Uwazurike 1991). It is proper to look into the above mentioned problems especially corruption of data by human beings due to deliberate alteration or erasure, untimely supply of records and undue access to confidential information on staff, students and facilities.
2.6 Theoretical Framework
This section reviews some theories that are related to the study. Such theories reviewed include: systems theory and human relation theory. Viewed from management perspective, theory can be defined as a set of assumptions from which the manager/ principal can understand, explain and predict the behaviour of workers in an organization. Such knowledge and understanding will enable him fashion out effective leadership, supervision, control and motivation and adoption of strategies necessary for attainment of organizational goals.
2.6.1 Systems Theory
The systems theory is one of the modern management theories to study the relationship between organization and its environment. This theory considers all elements in the whole organizations as well as its component parts. The theorists view organization as an adaptive system, which must adjust to changes in its environment if it is to survive, (Massie 1997). (Zanders 2002) refers to these modern management theories as integrative management theories in the sense that they study the relationship between organization and its environment thereby attempting to understand organization as a whole system.
The systems theory is traced to (Aristotle 1958). The theory is of the believe that the whole is greater than the sum of its parts. However, (Nwankwo 1992) argued that it is not enough to understand the parts, that it is also important to understand the relationship among the parts. Describing a system as a series of interrelated and interdependent parts, such that the interaction of any part (sub-system) affects the whole system. That is to say, in as much as principals work is towards achieving the set goals, he still needs the cooperation of teachers in the system. that means they cannot work without each other.
School records has to be processed, stored and retrieved when needed at the various departments. (Peretomode 1991), and (Nwankwo 1982), stated that the systems theory rests on the belief that all in systems, all the parts perform different functions but their interaction are dependent on each other. The system theory is relevant to records management because the educational system or even a single schools unit or child, is a system, and concept of interaction and interdependence of parts with the others and the wider system is applicable.
In conclusion, the review in this section shows that management theory is relevant to school management and to promote efficiency. The system theory, on the other hand concentrated on the interrelationship and interdependence of various segments of the organization. The systems theory makes it clear to the principals, as it relates to school records management, as the superior that they must relate very well and work with the subordinates through delegating authority to them (Teachers) to make proper record management a foundation for the future of educational system. this theory provides information to the principals / manager on strategies for leadership, workers or staff within an organization.
The obvious relevance of this theory to these work boarders in the strength of school administrators, principals to adopt the principle of interrelation and interdependence in school management. This could promote delegation of duties respect and value of various functions among department in the school, theory introducing new dimension in school record management.