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Design And Construction Of An Automatic Single Phase Changeover Switch
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CHAPTER ONE
1.0 INTRODUCTION
The need for continuous power supply
and its reliability has increased rapidly over the years, especially in
all those areas where uninterrupted power supply is a must. Modern
systems are power dependent. Their complexity has increased as
continuous information and communications are needed to control
automated process, be in industries, commercial complexes, hospitals,
hotels or even modern residences. The need, as such, for independent
standby power system has therefore increased manifold. The power
distribution, control, monitoring and protection of standby power
systems need to be integrated. Standby generator systems, for example
are required to serve:-
Sensitive Loads- are supplied by UPS systems.
The period of non-availability of power, before the standby supply
takes over, is bridged by battery banks. Typical loads are computers,
hospital equipments, micro processor controlled industrial machines etc.
Critical
Loads- thesemostly involve standby generator systems which supply power
to lighting systems, air conditioning, elevators etc in Airports,
Hotels and commercial complexes.
Essential Loads- thesealso use
standby generator systems mostly in process industries as they relate to
high restarting times or high down times. Automatic transfer from mains
supply to standby supply is vital for all the above kinds of loads.(11)
In
the event of power failure, the standby power is usually expected to
take over automatically. Electrical starting equipment, battery bank and
diesel generator are required for the automatic operation. The
automatic transfer is achieved mostly by automatic mains failure
systems. The process of on-load transfer has to be monitored and
controlled for a smooth Changeover and within safety limits of all
elements of the system. This is achieved by an Automatic Changeover
Switch.
Changeover switches find a wide application wherever the
reliability of electrical supply from the utilities is low and they are
used in lighting/motor circuits wherever continuity of supply is
necessary, for switching to an alternative source from mains supply and
vice versa. They are switch disconnectors with independent manual
operation capable of making, carrying and breaking currents under normal
circuit conditions which may include operating overload conditions and
also carrying currents under specified abnormal circuit conditions such
as those of short circuit for a specified time.(1)
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ABSRACT - [ Total Page(s): 1 ]The main aim of any electric power supply in the world is to provide uninterrupted power supply at all times to all its consumers. Although, in developing countries, the electric power generated to meet the demands of the growing consumers of electricity is insufficient, hence power instability and outage.Power instability or outage in general does not promote development in the public and private sector. The investors do not feel secure to come into a country with constant or frequent power fai ... Continue reading---
