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Design And Construction Of A Three Phase Authomatic Change Over Switch With Generator Starter And Cut-off
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CHAPTER ONE
INTRODUCTION
1.1 Background of the Study
Public
power supply is a major contributor to economic development in every
nation. In developing nations like Nigeria, Ghana, Cote d’Ivoire and
underdeveloped parts of the world, the public power supply for
industrial, commercial and domestic use is highly unstable (Peter,2002).
This has negative effect on the economy in such that most of them had
to depend on frequent use of alternative power sources such as
generator, inverter, solar to meet up with the energy demands. One of
the common alternate sources depended on is the use of generator set
which is usually connected to a changeover switch and the public power
supply also connected to the switch also. The application of alternative
sources of power supply is being faced with the challenge of switching
smoothly and timely between the mains supply and the generator supply
whenever there is power failure on the mains source and vice versa.
(Ransorne,2009).
Automatic Changeover switch with generator cut off
and starter is one of the electrical devices that can aid smooth
switching from public supply to generator and vice versa. It
automatically switches from one power source to another. When there is
power failure in the public supply it starts the generator and switches
to the supply (generator) and it equally switches over to the mains
supply when power is restored and turns off the generator automatically.
The automatic power changeover switch with generator cut off and
starter is a device that links the load and mains supply or the
alternative supply together. This enables the use of either the mains
supply or an alternative source when there is outage on the mains source
without the user intervention.
The changeover switch can either come
in with three phase or single phase. This device maintains constant
power supply to the load by automatically activating the generator when
there is need. Since the user might not always be in need of the
generator, provision has been made to prevent the generator from
starting should an outage occur.
Therefore, in view of these
considerations, the project aimed at designing and constructing a
workable automatic change-over switch with generator cut off and starter
functions.
1.2 Problem Statement
The frequent of power outages in
developing countries like the case of Nigeria creates a need for
automation of electrical power generation or alternative sources of
power to back up the utility supply. This automation becomes important
since the rate of power outage becomes predominantly high. Most
industries and commercial processes are partly dependent on generators
and public power supply which is epileptic especially in Nigeria.
Therefore, if the processes of power change-over between these two power
supplying sources are manual, human error during change-over leading to
machine damage, electric shock/electrocution as well as increased down
time consequently introducing massive losses. However, if the starting
of the generator is automatically done by a relay which switches the
battery voltage to ignition coil of the generator while the main power
relay switches the load to either public supply or generator, the down
time would greatly be reduce thereby maintaining the tempo of
production. In view of the background, this project tends to focus on
the design and construction of an automatic changeover switch with
generator cut off and starter.
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ABSRACT - [ Total Page(s): 1 ]This project is on design and construction of a three phase automatic changeover switch with generator starter and cut-off. PowersupplyinNigeriaandmostdevelopingcountriesoftheworldisanythingbutstable.Thishasadverseeffectsontheconsumersoftheelectricityandtheequipmentsthatareoperatedfromthemainssourcesofelectricitysupplyinthese partsoftheworld.Inthispaper,weprovideanautomaticswitchingmechanismthattransferstheconsumerloadstoapowersourcefromageneratorinthecaseofpowerfailureinthemainssupply.Itautomat ... Continue reading---
